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    Review of Key Technologies for Developing Personalized Lower Limb Rehabilitative Exoskeleton Robots
    TAO Jing, (陶璟), ZHOU Zhenhuan (周振欢)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (1): 16-28.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2452-3
    Abstract959)      PDF(pc) (1179KB)(573)       Save
    Rehabilitative training and assistance to daily living activities play critical roles in improving the life quality of lower limb dyskinesia patients and older people with motor function degeneration. Lower limb rehabilitative exoskeleton has a promising application prospect in support of the above population. In this paper, critical technologies for developing lower limb rehabilitative exoskeleton for individualized user needs are identi- fied and reviewed, including exoskeleton hardware modularization, bionic compliant driving, individualized gait planning and individual-oriented motion intention recognition. Inspired by the idea of servitization, potentials in exoskeleton product-service system design and its enabling technologies are then discussed. It is suggested that future research will focus on exoskeleton technology and exoskeleton-based service development oriented to an individual’s physical features and personalized requirements to realize better human-exoskeleton coordination in terms of technology, as well as accessible and high-quality rehabilitation and living assistance in terms of utility.
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    Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis: A Case Study on Medicine-Engineering Institutional Cooperation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    WANG Qingwen (王庆稳),CUI Tingting (崔婷婷),DENG Peiwen* (邓珮雯)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (6): 841-856.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2418-5
    Abstract227)      PDF(pc) (1829KB)(456)       Save
    This article aims to provide reference for medicine-engineering interdisciplinary research. Targeted at the scientific literature and patent literature published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, this article attempts to set up co-occurrence matrix of medicine-engineering institutional information which was extracted from address fields of the papers, so as to construct the medicine-engineering intersection datasets. The dataset of scientific literature was analyzed using bibliometrics and visualization methods from multiple dimensions, and the most active factors, such as trends of output, journal and subject distribution, were identified from the indicators of category normalized citation impact (CNCI), times cited, keywords, citation topics and the degree of medicineengineering interdisplinary. Research on hotspots and trends was discussed in detail. Analyses of the dataset of patent literature showed research themes and measured the degree for technology convergence of medicineengineering.
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    Medical Image Encryption Based on Josephus Traversing and Hyperchaotic Lorenz System
    YANG Na (杨娜), ZHANG Shuxia (张淑霞), BAI Mudan (白牡丹), LI Shanshan (李珊珊)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (1): 91-108.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2555-x
    Abstract97)      PDF(pc) (8082KB)(337)       Save
    This study proposes a new medical image encryption scheme based on Josephus traversing and hyperchaotic Lorenz system. First, a chaotic sequence is generated through hyperchaotic system. This hyperchaotic sequence is used in the scrambling and diffusion stages of the algorithm. Second, in the scrambling process, the image is initially confused by Josephus scrambling, and then the image is further confused by Arnold map. Finally, generated hyperchaos sequence and exclusive OR operation is used for the image to carry on the positive and reverse diffusion to change the pixel value of the image and further hide the effective information of the image. In addition, the information of the plaintext image is used to generate keys used in the algorithm, which increases the ability of resisting plaintext attack. Experimental results and security analysis show that the scheme can effectively hide plaintext image information according to the characteristics of medical images, and is resistant to common types of attacks. In addition, this scheme performs well in the experiments of robustness, which shows that the scheme can solve the problem of image damage in telemedicine. It has a positive significance for the future research.
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    Applications of Polypeptide Hydrogels in Cartilage-Regeneration Engineering
    HU Yinghan1 (胡颖涵),ZHU Zegu1 (朱泽宇), TENG Lin2 (滕林), HE Yushi3 (何雨石),ZOU Derong1 (邹德荣),LU Jiayu1*(陆家瑜)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 468-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2507-5
    Abstract181)      PDF(pc) (3066KB)(331)       Save
    Articular cartilage defects are considered to be associated with the development of osteoarthritis. Research on relevant tissue regeneration is important in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The scaffolds applied incartilage regeneration should have good histocompatibility and mechanical properties, as well as no cytotoxicity,and promote the proliferation and differentiation of seed cells. Different combinations of peptide sequences inpolypeptide hydrogels endow them with unique characteristics including excellent biodegradability and accuratesimulation of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes to maintain the stability of the chondrogenic phenotypeand facilitate articular hyaline cartilage regeneration. Thus, the application of polypeptide hydrogels for cartilage regeneration has a bright future. In this study, the research progress of polypeptide hydrogels used incartilage-regeneration engineering is systematically reviewed. The characteristics, limitations, and prospects ofthese materials are evaluated.
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    Numerical Study on Separation of Circulating Tumor Cell Using Dielectrophoresis in a Four-Electrode Microfluidic Device
    WANG Yukuna (王雨坤), DING Xiantingb (丁显廷), ZHANG Zhinana (张执南)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 391-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2459-9
    Abstract384)      PDF(pc) (1462KB)(302)       Save
    This numerical study proposes a cell sorting technique based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a microfluidic chip. Under the joint effect of DEP and fluid drag, white blood cells and circulating tumor cells are separated because of different dielectric properties. First, the mathematical models of device geometry, single cell, DEP force, electric field, and flow field are established to simulate the cell motion. Based on the simulation model, important boundary parameters are discussed to optimize the cell sorting ability of the device. A proper matching relationship between voltage and flow rate is then provided. The inlet and outlet conditions are also investigated to control the particle motion in the flow field. The significance of this study is to verify the cell separating ability of the microfluidic chip, and to provide a logistic design for the separation of rare diseased cells.
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    Multi-Robot Task Allocation Using Multimodal Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
    MIAO Zhenhua(苗镇华), HUANG Wentao(黄文焘), ZHANG Yilian(张依恋), FAN Qinqin(范勤勤)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (3): 377-387.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2679-7
    Abstract478)      PDF(pc) (975KB)(217)       Save
    The overall performance of multi-robot collaborative systems is significantly affected by the multirobot task allocation. To improve the effectiveness, robustness, and safety of multi-robot collaborative systems,a multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed in this paper. The improved multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to solve multi-robot task allocation problems. Moreover, a deep reinforcement learning strategy is used in the last generation to provide a high-quality path for each assigned robot via an end-to-end manner. Comparisons with three popular multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms on three different scenarios of multi-robot task allocation problems are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental test results show that the proposed algorithm can generate sufficient equivalent schemes to improve the availability and robustness of multirobot collaborative systems in uncertain environments, and also produce the best scheme to improve the overall task execution efficiency of multi-robot collaborative systems.
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    Review of Power-Assisted Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robot
    HE Guisong (贺贵松), HUANG Xuegong (黄学功), LI Feng (李峰), WANG Huixing (汪辉兴)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2489-3
    Abstract914)      PDF(pc) (1195KB)(216)       Save
    Power-assisted lower limb exoskeleton robot is a wearable intelligent robot system involving mechanics,materials, electronics, control, robotics, and many other fields. The system can use external energy to provide additional power to humans, enhance the function of the human body, and help the wearer to bear weight that is previously unbearable. At the same time, employing reasonable structure design and passive energy storage can also assist in specific actions. First, this paper introduces the research status of power-assisted lower limb exoskeleton robots at home and abroad, and analyzes several typical prototypes in detail. Then, the key technologies such as structure design, driving mode, sensing technology, control method, energy management, and human-machine coupling are summarized, and some common design methods of the exoskeleton robot are summarized and compared. Finally, the existing problems and possible solutions in the research of power-assisted lower limb exoskeleton robots are summarized, and the prospect of future development trend has been analyzed.
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    Progress in Force-Sensing Techniques for Surgical Robots
    GAO Hongyan1, 2(高红岩), AI Xiaojie1, 2(艾孝杰), SUN Zhenglong3(孙正隆), CHEN Weidong1, 2(陈卫东), GAO Anzhu1, 2(高安柱)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (3): 370-381.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2607-x
    Abstract694)      PDF(pc) (1017KB)(213)       Save
    Force sensing is vital for situational awareness and safe interaction during minimally invasive surgery. Consequently, surgical robots with integrated force-sensing techniques ensure precise and safe operations. Over the past few decades, there has been considerable progress in force-sensing techniques for surgical robots. This review summarizes the existing electrically- and optically-based force sensors for surgical robots, including piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, intensity/phase-modulated, and fiber Bragg gratings. Their principles, applications, advantages, and limitations are also discussed. Finally, we summarize our conclusions regarding state-of-the-art force-sensing technologies for surgical robotics.
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    Multi-Agent Path Planning Method Based on Improved Deep Q-Network in Dynamic Environments
    LI Shuyi (李舒逸), LI Minzhe (李旻哲), JING Zhongliang (敬忠良)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (4): 601-612.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-024-2732-1
    Abstract407)      PDF(pc) (1213KB)(186)       Save
    The multi-agent path planning problem presents significant challenges in dynamic environments, primarily due to the ever-changing positions of obstacles and the complex interactions between agents’ actions. These factors contribute to a tendency for the solution to converge slowly, and in some cases, diverge altogether. In addressing this issue, this paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a double dueling deep Q-network (D3QN), tailored for dynamic multi-agent environments. A novel reward function based on multi-agent positional constraints is designed, and a training strategy based on incremental learning is performed to achieve collaborative path planning of multiple agents. Moreover, the greedy and Boltzmann probability selection policy is introduced for action selection and avoiding convergence to local extremum. To match radar and image sensors, a convolutional neural network - long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) architecture is constructed to extract the feature of multi-source measurement as the input of the D3QN. The algorithm’s efficacy and reliability are validated in a simulated environment, utilizing robot operating system and Gazebo. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides a real-time solution for path planning tasks in dynamic scenarios. In terms of the average success rate and accuracy, the proposed method is superior to other deep learning algorithms, and the convergence speed is also improved.
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    Integrated Hydraulic-Driven Wearable Robot for Knee Assistance
    ZHAO Yafei (赵亚飞), HUANG Chaoyi (黄超逸), ZOU Yuging(邹玉莹), ZOUKehan(邹可涵), zoU Xiaogang(邹笑阳), XUE .Jiaqi(薛嘉琦), LI Xiaoting(李晓婷), KOH Keng Huat, WANG Xiaojun(王小军), LAI Wai Chiu King(赖伟超), HU Yong(胡勇), XI Ning(席宁), WANG Zheng(王峥)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (3): 289-295.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2602-2
    Abstract453)      PDF(pc) (1156KB)(165)       Save
    Age-related diseases can lead to knee joint misfunction, making knee assistance necessary through the use of robotic wearable braces. However, existing wearable robots face challenges in force transmission and human motion adaptation, particularly among the elderly. Although soft actuators have been used in wearable robots, achieving rapid response and motion control while maintaining portability remains challenging. To address these issues, we propose a soft-robotic knee brace system integrated with multiple sensors and a direct-drive hydraulic actuation system. This approach allows for controlled and rapid force output on the portable hydraulic system. The multi-sensor feedback structure enables the robotic system to collaborate with the human body through human physiological signal and body motion information. The human user tests demonstrate that the knee robot provides assistive torques to the knee joint by being triggered by the electromyography signal and under human motion control.
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    Early Detection Methods of Deep Tissue Pressure Injuries: A Systematic Review
    JIA Jingyil (贾菁怡),LI Zhengyi1,2 (李正裔),PENG Linjing1 (彭琳晶),YAO Yifeil* (姚怡飞)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 526-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2518-2
    Abstract268)      PDF(pc) (552KB)(156)       Save
    Deep tissue pressure injuries (DTPIs) have witnessed a growing prevalence in hospitals and other health care units especially among individuals with pathological conditions that give rise to restricted mobility, impaired sensation, and reduced tissue tolerance. The etiology of DTPIs has been a subject of controversy, to which several explanatory models have been proposed, including direct mechanical insult, ischemia-reperfusion, lymphatic occlusion, and inflammatory cytokines. In line with these pathophysiological scenarios, ultrasound, subepidermal moisture detection, and biomarker technologies have been proposed as potential early detection methods of DTPIs. This paper provides a systematic review involving these three methods. The conclusion is that combining and implementing these methods at different time periods during DTPIs development and progression respectively is likely to be the most universal, effective and promising way for DTPIs diagnosis.
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    Fault Diagnosis for Rolling Element Bearing in Dataset Bias Scenario
    HOU Liangsheng(侯良生),ZHANG Jundong*(张均东)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (5): 638-651.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-021-2320-6
    Abstract122)      PDF(pc) (1575KB)(144)       Save
    Recently, data-driven methods, especially deep learning, outperform other methods for rolling element bearing (REB) fault diagnosis. Nevertheless, most research work assumes that REB dataset is unbiased. In the real industry applications, the dataset bias exists with REB owing to varying REB working conditions and noise interference. Recently proposed adversarial discriminative domain adaptation (ADDA) is an increasingly popular incarnation to solve dataset bias problem. However, it mainly devotes to realizing domain alignments, and ignores class-level alignments; it can cause degradation of classification performance. In this study, we propose a new REB fault diagnosis model based on improved ADDA to address dataset bias. The proposed diagnosis model realizes domain- and class-level alignments in dataset bias scenario; it consists of two feature extractors, a domain discriminator, and two label classifiers. The feature extractors and domain discriminator are trained in an adversarial manner to minimize the domain difference in feature extractors. The domain discrepancy in label classifier is reduced by minimizing correlation alignment (CORAL) loss. We evaluate the proposed model on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset and Paderborn University bearing dataset. The proposed method yields better results than other methods and has good prospects for industrial applications.
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    Improving Colonoscopy Polyp Detection Rate Using Semi-Supervised Learning
    YAO Leyul (姚乐宇),HE Fan1,3 (何凡), PENG Haixia2* (彭海霞), WANG Xiaofeng2 (王晓峰),ZHOU Lu2(周璐), HUANG Xiaolin1,3* (黄晓霖)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 441-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2519-1
    Abstract201)      PDF(pc) (497KB)(142)       Save
    Colorectal cancer is one of the biggest health threats to humans and takes thousands of lives every year.Colonoscopy is the gold standard in clinical practice to inspect the intestinal wall, detect polyps and remove polypsin early stages, preventing polyps from becoming malignant and forming colorectal cancer instances. In recentyears, computer-aided polyp detection systems have been widely used in colonoscopies to improve the qualityof colonoscopy examination and increase the polyp detection rate. Currently, the most efficient computer-aidedsystems are built with machine learning methods. However, developing such a computer-aided detection systemrequires experienced doctors to label a large number of image data from colonoscopy videos, which is extremelytime-consuming, laborious and expensive. One possible solution is to adopt a semi-supervised learning, which canbuild a detection system on a dataset where part of its data is not necessary to be labeled. In this paper, on thebasis of state-of-the-art object detection method and semi-supervised learning technique, we design and implementa semi-supervised colonoscopy polyp detection system containing four main steps: running standard supervisedtraining with all labeled data; running inference on unlabeled data to obtain pseudo labels; applying a set ofstrong augmentation to both unlabeled data and pseudo label; combining labeled data, and unlabeled data withits pseudo labels to retrain the detector. The semi-supervised learning system is evaluated both on public datasetand our original private dataset and proves its effectiveness. Also, the inference speed of the semi-supervisedlearning system can meet the requirement of real-time operation.
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    Calibration Technology of Optical Fiber Strain Sensor
    CHEN Gang(陈刚), LIU Hongyue(刘宏月), GAO Ruiriang(高瑞翔)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (5): 551-559.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2406-9
    Abstract316)      PDF(pc) (1122KB)(136)       Save
    As one of the hotspots of sensing technology at present, optical fiber sensor has the characteristics of small size, anti-electromagnetic interference, and easy networking, which plays an irreplaceable role in multiphysics parameter monitoring of complex electromagnetic environments. The precise calibration of the optical fiber strain sensor has great practical value in prolonging the survival rate of the sensor, improving the measurement accuracy, and meeting the needs of long-term monitoring. By reviewing the research status of strain sensor calibration method and fiber optic strain sensor calibration method, the advantages and disadvantages of the main methods are analyzed separately from the static and dynamic perspectives, and the development prospect of the calibration technology of optic fiber strain sensor is summarized.
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    Establishment of a Refined Brain Model for Evaluating Implantation Behavior of Neural Electrode and Research of its Simulated Behavior
    HE Yuxcin (贺雨欣), ZHANG Wenguang (张文光), XU Haotian (胥浩天), XU Yifan (徐倚帆), XU Liyue (许李悦)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 401-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2523-5
    Abstract240)      PDF(pc) (1512KB)(130)       Save
    The long-term reliability of the neural electrode is closely related to its implantation behavior. In orderto realize the quantitative research of the implantation behavior in a low-cost and accurate way, a refined brainmodel containing meninges is proposed. First, the expected simulation material was selected through measuringthe elastic modulus based on the method of atomic force microscope indentation technique. As a result, the 2%(mass fraction) agarose gel simulated the gray and white matter, the 7 : 1 (volume ratio) polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) sheet simulated the pia mater, and the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film simulated the dura mater. Second,based on designing a three-layer structure mold, the brain model was prepared by inverted pouring to realizea flat implantation surface. Finally, the simulation behavior of the brain model was investigated with the ratbrain as a reference. For mechanical behavior of implantation, the implantation force experienced two peaks bothin the brain model and the rat brain, maximum values of which were 10.17 mN and 7.69 mN respectively. Thelarger implantation force in the brain model will increase the strength requirement for the electrode, but reducethe risk of buckling of that in practical application. For humoral dissolution behavior, the dissolution rates ofthe polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating of the electrode in the brain model and rat brain were 7 000 μm3/s and5 600 μm3/s, respectively. The faster dissolution rate in the brain model will cause the larger thickness of thecoating design but provide sufficient implantable time in practical application. The establishment of the brainmodel and the research of its simulated behavior are beneficial to the size design of the electrode substrate andcoating, and research of the implantation mechanism, and further increase the functional life of the electrode.
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    Transfer Learning in Motor Imagery Brain Computer Interface: A Review
    LI Mingai1,2,3∗ (李明爱), XU Dongqin1 (许东芹)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (1): 37-59.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2488-4
    Abstract248)      PDF(pc) (1734KB)(129)       Save
    Transfer learning, as a new machine learning methodology, may solve problems in related but different domains by using existing knowledge, and it is often applied to transfer training data from another domain for model training in the case of insufficient training data. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers who engage in brain-computer interface (BCI), have focused on using transfer learning to make most of the available electroencephalogram data from different subjects, effectively reducing the cost of expensive data acquisition and labeling as well as greatly improving the learning performance of the model. This paper surveys the development of transfer learning and reviews the transfer learning approaches in BCI. In addition, according to the “what to transfer” question in transfer learning, this review is organized into three contexts: instance-based transfer learning, parameter-based transfer learning, and feature-based transfer learning. Furthermore, the current transfer learning applications in BCI research are summarized in terms of the transfer learning methods, datasets, evaluation performance, etc. At the end of the paper, the questions to be solved in future research are put forward, laying the foundation for the popularization and in-depth research of transfer learning in BCI.
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    Lateral Force Characteristics of Cartridge Valve Core
    HAN Heyong1(韩贺永),ZHANG Jianru1(张建茹), PAN Siji1(潘思意),LI Yugui2*(李玉贵),MA Lifeng1(马立峰),LIU Shirui3(刘实睿)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (5): 604-610.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-021-2402-5
    Abstract86)      PDF(pc) (978KB)(127)       Save
    he valve core is readily subjected to a large lateral force which affects the dynamic response speed. Here, a new type of cartridge valve core structure is proposed to solve this problem. The numerical simulation method is applied to analyze the flow characteristics of clearance flow field on velocity distribution, pressure distribution, valve core motion speed, and leakage. The results using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) show that the guide groove is set on the surface of the cartridge valve core, increasing the connecting length of the valve core, forming a uniform radial pressure distribution and velocity distribution, effectively reducing the lateral force, and at the same time ensuring that the leak is not too big. These findings provide theoretical guidance and a basis for optimizing cartridge valve to reduce the occurrence of jamming and improve the response frequency.
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    Physical Characterization of Ionic Liquid-Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol and Sodium Thiocyanate Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Application
    AZEMTSOP Manfo Theodore , MEHRA Ram Mohan , KUMAR Yogesh , GUPTA Meenal
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (2): 161-171.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-021-2397-y
    Abstract467)      PDF(pc) (1140KB)(121)       Save
    Novel gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium thiocyanate were developed via a solution casting technique. An ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tricyanomethanide ([EMIM][TCM]), was doped into a polymer–salt complex system (PVA + NaSCN) to further enhance the conductivity. IL-doped polymer electrolyte (ILDPE) films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. XRD was performed to check the degree of crystallinity and amorphicity of the ILDPE films, and the amorphicity of GPEs increased with the increase of the IL content. POM was employed to evaluate the changes in the surface morphology due to the inclusion of salt and IL in the PVA. The compositional nature of the GPE films was examined via FTIR studies. The electrical and electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum conductivity for the GPE film was estimated to be 1.10 × 10-5 S/cm for 6% (mass fraction) of IL in the polymer–salt complex. The ionic transference number was approximately 0.97. An electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was built from optimized GPE films and reduced graphene oxide-based electrodes. The specific capacitance calculated from the cyclic voltammograms of the EDLC cells was 3 F/g.
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    Entity Relationship Explanation via Conceptualization
    XIE Chenhao(谢晨昊), LIANG Jiaqing(梁家卿), XIA Yanghua(肖仰华), HWANG Seung-won
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (6): 695-702.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-021-2394-1
    Abstract218)      PDF(pc) (608KB)(119)       Save
    Finding an attribute to explain the relationships between a given pair of entities is valuable in many applications. However, many direct solutions fail, owing to its low precision caused by heavy dependence on text and low recall by evidence scarcity. Thus, we propose a generalization-and-inference framework and implement it to build a system: entity-relationship finder (ERF). Our main idea is conceptualizing entity pairs into proper concept pairs, as intermediate random variables to form the explanation. Although entity conceptualization has been studied, it has new challenges of collective optimization for multiple relationship instances, joint optimization for both entities, and aggregation of diluted observations into the head concepts defining the relationship. We propose conceptualization solutions and validate them as well as the framework with extensive experiments.
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    Arc and Droplet Behaviors in Horizontal Short-Arc Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding of 9%Ni Steel with ERNiCrMo-3 Welding Wire
    LIU Yiwei1 (刘轶玮), HUA Xueming1* (华学明), WU Dongsheng1 (吴东升), LI Fang1 (李芳), CAI Yan1 (蔡艳), WANG Huan2 (王欢), YANG Xiurong3 (杨修荣)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (2): 361-376.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2548-9
    Abstract85)      PDF(pc) (5299KB)(119)       Save
    Short-arc pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) was used to solve the difficulties of molten pool spreading and droplet transfer of Ni-based welding wire. Suppression of short-circuit current was used to reduce spatter. Arc length stabilizer was used to acquire a proper and stable arc length maintained at the critical position where short circuit starts to occur. Short-arc P-GMAW with or without arc length stabilizer was compared. The droplet transfer, arc behaviors and weld bead profiles were investigated and compared based on the high-speed photography and observation of weld cross-section. When the arc length stabilizer was deactivated, the arc length was unstable and too short. The droplet transfer mode was mainly short circuit partial transfer, with only a small part of the droplet transferred into the molten pool, with the characteristics of no obvious necking, a few spatters, small droplet impact, long short circuit duration and high short-circuit current. There was also a small proportion of short circuit complete transfer with obvious necking, larger droplet impact, shorter short-circuit duration and lower short-circuit current. With arc length stabilizer, droplet transfer modes were short circuit complete transfer and spray transfer. The spray transfer had the largest droplet impact, no short circuit and no spatter. With the arc length stabilizer activated, a deep penetration, a high penetration ratio, a small reinforcement and a large reinforcement factor were acquired. This provides an innovative method to solve the difficulties of droplet transfer and molten pool spreading and eliminate the incomplete fusion in the GMAW of 9%Ni steel with nickel-based alloy welding wire.
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    A Novel Cable-Driven Soft Robot for Surgery
    LI Ru1 (李茹), CHEN Fang2 (陈方), YU Wenwei3 (俞文伟), IGARASH Tatsuo3,4, SHU Xiongpeng1 (舒雄鹏), XIE Le1,5,6∗ (谢叻)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (1): 60-72.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2497-3
    Abstract211)      PDF(pc) (2939KB)(119)       Save
    Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is widely used to treat prostate cancer. The rigid instruments primarily used in RARP cannot overcome the problem of blind areas in surgery and lead to more trauma such as more incision for the passage of the instrument and additional tissue damage caused by rigid instruments. Soft robots are relatively flexible and theoretically have infinite degrees of freedom which can overcome the problem of the rigid instrument. A soft robot system for single-port transvesical robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (STvRARP) is developed in this study. The soft manipulator with 10 mm in diameter and a maximum bending angle of 270? has good flexibility and dexterity. The design and mechanical structure of the soft robot are described. The kinematics of the soft manipulator is established and the inverse kinematics is compensated based on the characteristics of the designed soft manipulator. The master-slave control system of soft robot for surgery is built and the feasibility of the designed soft robot is verified.
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    Parameter Optimization and Precision Enhancement of Dual-Coil Eddy Current Sensor
    ZHANG Zhenning1(张振宁),LIU Qiang2(刘强), Lü Chunfeng3(吕春峰),MAO Yimeil(毛义梅),TAo Weil(陶卫),ZHAO Huil*(赵辉)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (5): 596-603.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2511-9
    Abstract244)      PDF(pc) (948KB)(115)       Save
    To enhance the measurement precision of eddy current sensor in particular environments such as extreme temperature changes and limited available space in aerospace, we optimized the structural parameters of the traditional dual-coil eddy current sensor probe by electromagnetic field analysis and finite element simulation modeling, and further presented the criteria for determining the optimal coil distance of the dual-coil probe. The simulation results are verified by setting up an experimental platform. For the extreme temperature environment, the displacement measurement error caused by the full range temperature variation of the dual-coil sensor under the optimal distance is less than 21.0% of that of the single-coil sensor. On this basis, we analyzed and verified the thermal stability of the structurally optimized dual-coil eddy current sensor. After temperature compensation, the displacement measurement accuracy can reach 14.9 times more accurate than that of the single-coil sensor. The method proposed in this paper can provide a design reference for the structural optimization of the axial dual-coil eddy current sensor probe.
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    Novel Visualization Tool for Percutaneous Renal Puncture Training Using Augmented Reality Technology
    YU Jiaqi1 (于佳琪),WANG Shuyi1* (王殊轶),WANG Yuqil (王浴屺),XIE Hua2 (谢华), WU Zhangleil (吴张檑),FU Xiaonil (付小妮),MA Bangfeng1 (马邦峰)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 517-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2554-y
    Abstract183)      PDF(pc) (1512KB)(108)       Save
    We aim to develop a novel visualization tool for percutaneous renal puncture training based on augmented reality (AR) and compare the needle placement performance of this AR system with ultrasound-guidedfreehand navigation in phantoms. A head-mounted display-based AR navigation system was developed usingthe Unity3D software and Visual Studio to enable the overlay of the preoperative needle path and the complexanatomical structures onto a phantom in real time. The spatial location of the stationary phantom and the percutaneous instrument motion were traced by a Qualisys motion capture system. To evaluate the tracking accuracy,15 participants (7 males and 8 females) performed a single needle insertion using AR navigation (the number ofpunctures n = 75) and ultrasound-guided freehand navigation (n = 75). The needle placement error was measuredas the Euclidean distance between the actual needle tip and the virtual target by MicronTracker. All participantsdemonstrated a superior needle insertion efficiency when using the AR-assisted puncture method compared withthe ultrasound-guided freehand method. The needle insertion error of the ultrasound-guided method showed anincreased error compared with the AR method (5.54 mm ± 2.59 mm, 4.34 mm ± 2.10 mm, respectively, p < 0.05).The ultrasound-guided needle placements showed an increased time compared with the AR method (19.08 s ±3.59 s, 15.14 s ± 2.72 s, respectively, p < 0.000 1). Our AR training system facilitates the needle placement performance and solves hand-eye coordination problems. The system has the potential to increase efficiency andeffectiveness of percutaneous renal puncture training.
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    Boosting Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Soft Pseudo-Label and Curriculum Learning
    ZHANG Shengjia(张晟嘉), LIN Tiancheng(林天成), XU Yi(徐奕)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (6): 703-716.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2487-5
    Abstract296)      PDF(pc) (963KB)(105)       Save
    By leveraging data from a fully labeled source domain, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) improves classification performance on an unlabeled target domain through explicit discrepancy minimization of data distribution or adversarial learning. As an enhancement, category alignment is involved during adaptation to reinforce target feature discrimination by utilizing model prediction. However, there remain unexplored problems about pseudo-label inaccuracy incurred by wrong category predictions on target domain, and distribution deviation caused by overfitting on source domain. In this paper, we propose a model-agnostic two-stage learning framework, which greatly reduces flawed model predictions using soft pseudo-label strategy and avoids overfitting on source domain with a curriculum learning strategy. Theoretically, it successfully decreases the combined risk in the upper bound of expected error on the target domain. In the first stage, we train a model with distribution alignment-based UDA method to obtain soft semantic label on target domain with rather high confidence. To avoid overfitting on source domain, in the second stage, we propose a curriculum learning strategy to adaptively control the weighting between losses from the two domains so that the focus of the training stage is gradually shifted from source distribution to target distribution with prediction confidence boosted on the target domain. Extensive experiments on two well-known benchmark datasets validate the universal effectiveness of our proposed framework on promoting the performance of the top-ranked UDA algorithms and demonstrate its consistent superior performance.
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    Review on Anti-Frost Technology Based on Microchannel Heat Exchanger
    YE Zhenhong(叶振鸿), WANG Wei(王炜), LI Xinhua(李新华), CHEN Jiangping(陈江平)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (2): 161-178.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2539-x
    Abstract260)      PDF(pc) (4397KB)(104)       Save
    Frosting is an inevitable adverse phenomenon in many fields such as industrial refrigeration, cryogenics, and heat pump air conditioning, which may influence the efficiency of the equipment and increase the energy consumption of the system. The complicated louvered-fin structure and fluid-channels arrangements of the microchannel heat exchanger (HEX) will affect the heat transfer performance and frosting characteristics. First, this article analyzes different factors such as refrigerant distribution, refrigerant flow pattern, and HEX surface temperature distribution. Further, combined with the features of the microchannel HEX, the existing anti-frosting technologies and various methods of surface treatment for anti-frosting are summarized. The review focuses on the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces and their superior properties. Furthermore, the internal mechanism is analyzed in conjunction with the relevant research of our group. Superhydrophobic character has excellent anti-frosting performance and heat transfer performance, which is of great significance for improving energy-saving and system performance. Finally, the future development of superhydrophobic surface technology is analyzed and prospected.
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    High Curvature Stripe Profile Extraction Algorithm of Line Structured Light Measuring System
    SUN Hao (孙昊), DU Xuan (杜宣), LÜ Na(吕娜), CUI Bin(崔斌), ZHA Hui(赵辉)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (5): 560-568.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2476-8
    Abstract179)      PDF(pc) (1375KB)(104)       Save
    In the line structured light measuring system, the accuracy of the process of laser stripe directly affects the measurement results. Therefore, the extraction algorithm for the laser stripe, especially the surface with high reflection and high curvature, is very important. The imaging principle of line structured light, the light intensity distribution law of laser stripe and the extraction algorithm have been studied, and a stripe profile extraction method based on real light intensity distribution has been proposed. In this algorithm, fast region of interest extraction, stripe width estimation, and adaptive filtering on the striped image are performed. Then the energy center of the stripe at the sub-pixel level is extracted. Finally, the low-quality center points are eliminated, and the context information is used to recover the missing central points. Simulated images generated based on the imaging principle of line structured light and real experimental images were used to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the proposed method. The results show that the method behaves excellently at the edges of high-curvature stripes; the maximum error is only 1.6 pixels, which is 1/10 of the classic Steger algorithm; the experiment repeatability is only 8.8 μm, which is 2.7 times that of the Steger method. Therefore, the proposed method improves the accuracy of object contour extraction, and it is especially suitable for contour detection of objects with high curvature.
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    Numerical Simulation Method of Scoliosis Orthosis Considering Muscle Factor
    LI Jian1,2(李健),ZHU Ye1 (朱晔),GUAN Tianmin1*(关天民)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 486-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2535-1
    Abstract156)      PDF(pc) (1382KB)(103)       Save
    Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis seriously affects the physical and mental health of adolescents. In thepast, the research on therapeutic orthosis ignored the influence of muscle factors. Aimed at this problem, basedon the principle of reverse engineering, through the spine computed tomography data model of three-dimensionalreconstruction, muscle forces around the spine are imported into the spinal muscle force model and AnyBodysoftware is used for simulation. The geometric similarity and biomechanical effectiveness of the established modelare verified. In order to obtain the relationship among the applied orthopedic force, Cobb angle and vertebraldisplacement, a finite element model conforming to spinal anatomy is established, and then the biomechanicalanalysis of the finite element model of the scoliosis is carried out. Reasonable control of paravertebral muscles canplay a positive role in orthopedic treatment, and the fitting equation can provide a reference for doctors to applythe orthopedic force on patient.
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    CFD-Aided Investigation of Combined Flow Conditioners for Gas Ultrasonic Flow Meter
    YUAN Yaqi1(袁亚琦),LI Shiyangl*(李世阳),ZHENG Jia1(郑佳),LI Mingrui2(李明睿)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (5): 611-620.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-021-2378-1
    Abstract124)      PDF(pc) (3397KB)(101)       Save
    Stable and fully developed gas flow field is crucial for realizing accurate measurement of gas ultrasonic flow meter. To reduce the flow field distortion, a flow conditioner is usually used. However, the traditional monotype flow conditioner can only improve the flow field distribution partly. The measurement accuracy of the transit time ultrasonic flow meter is still affected because of its serious flow field distortion in the complex pipeline conditions. In this paper, to further improve the flow field distribution, a combined conditioner is investigated. The combined flow conditioner is composed of fan-shaped section, turbulent mixing cavity, and honeycomb-shaped section. The effects of fan blade angle and cavity length on the flow field of the DN50 flow meter are studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation results indicate that compared with the monotype conditioner, the combined conditioner has better performance on effectively reducing the swirl and turbulence and providing more stable and repetitive velocity profiles. Experiments also validate the effectiveness of the combined conditioner. The flow meter with the combined conditioner has better repeatability of less than 0.2%, which is better than those of the monotype conditioners under the same conditions. This work is very useful for accurate measurement of gas ultrasonic flow meter, especially for the complex pipeline conditions.
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    Dlung: Unsupervised Few-Shot Diffeomorphic Respiratory Motion Modeling
    CHEN Peizhi1,2* (陈培芝), GUO Yifan1 (郭逸凡),WANG Dahan1,2 (王大寒), CHEN Chinling1,3,4* (陈金铃)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 536-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2525-3
    Abstract207)      PDF(pc) (1720KB)(98)       Save
    Lung image registration plays an important role in lung analysis applications, such as respiratory motion modeling. Unsupervised learning-based image registration methods that can compute the deformation without the requirement of supervision attract much attention. However, it is noteworthy that they have two drawbacks: they do not handle the problem of limited data and do not guarantee diffeomorphic (topologypreserving) properties, especially when large deformation exists in lung scans. In this paper, we present an unsupervised few-shot learning-based diffeomorphic lung image registration, namely Dlung. We employ fine-tuning techniques to solve the problem of limited data and apply the scaling and squaring method to accomplish the diffeomorphic registration. Furthermore, atlas-based registration on spatio-temporal (4D) images is performed and thoroughly compared with baseline methods. Dlung achieves the highest accuracy with diffeomorphic properties. It constructs accurate and fast respiratory motion models with limited data. This research extends our knowledge of respiratory motion modeling.
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    Real-Time Calculation Method for Temperature Distribution of Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Ablation
    WANG Xuewei (王雪维),WANG Yifei (王逸飞),ZHANG Aili* (张爱丽)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 411-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2481-y
    Abstract281)      PDF(pc) (1220KB)(97)       Save
    Precise temperature control and temperature distribution prediction are of great significance forradiofrequency ablation. This research proposes a real-time calculation method for the temperature distribution of radiofrequency ablation combined with proportional-integral temperature control. The thermo-electricalcoupling was simplified into a linear relationship based on the study of the influence of temperature-dependentelectrical conductivity and thermal conductivity on the PI-controlled radiofrequency ablation temperature distribution, which increases the computational efficiency by 150 times. The average calculation time for radiofrequencyablation of 10 min is about 23 s, and the difference between the calculation results of this method and that fromCOMSOL Multiphysics is no more than 1 ?C. This method is not only used for single-probe, but also for doubleprobe radiofrequency ablation in this paper.
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    Ship Pipe Layout Optimization Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
    LIN Yan1, 2(林焰), BIAN Xuanyi1(卞璇屹), DONG Zongran3(董宗然)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (5): 737-746.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2530-6
    Abstract189)      PDF(pc) (1456KB)(96)       Save
    Ship pipe layout optimization is one of the difficulties and hot spots in ship intelligent production design. A high-dimensional vector coding is proposed based on the research of related pipe coding and ship pipe route features in this paper. The advantages of this coding method are concise structure, strong compatibility, and independence from the gridding space. Based on the proposed coding, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is implemented, and the algorithm is improved by the pre-selected path strategy and the branch-pipe processing strategy. Finally, two simulation results reveal that the proposed coding and algorithm have feasibility and engineering practicability.
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    Novel Scheme for Essential Proteins Identification Based on Improved Multicriteria Decision Making
    LU Pengli1* (卢鹏丽),CHEN Yuntian1 (陈云天), LIAO Yonggang2 (廖永刚)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 418-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2584-0
    Abstract154)      PDF(pc) (1360KB)(93)       Save
    Identifying essential proteins from protein-protein interaction networks is important for studies onbiological evolution and new drug’s development. Most of the presented criteria for prioritizing essential proteinsonly focus on a certain attribute of the proteins in the network, which suffer from information loss. In order toovercome this problem, a relatively comprehensive and effective novel method for essential proteins identificationbased on improved multicriteria decision making (MCDM), called essential proteins identification-technique fororder preference by similarity to ideal solution (EPI-TOPSIS), is proposed. First, considering different attributes ofproteins, we propose three methods from different aspects to evaluate the significance of the proteins: gene-degreecentrality (GDC) for gene expression sequence; subcellular-neighbor-degree centrality (SNDC) and subcellular-indegree centrality (SIDC) for subcellular location information and protein complexes. Then, betweenness centrality(BC) and these three methods are considered together as the multiple criteria of the decision-making model.Analytic hierarchy process is used to evaluate the weights of each criterion, and the essential proteins are prioritizedby an ideal solution of MCDM, i.e., TOPSIS. Experiments are conducted on YDIP, YMIPS, Krogan and BioGRIDnetworks. The results indicate that EPI-TOPSIS outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches for identifyingthe essential proteins through the performance measures.
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    Hysteresis Modeling and Compensation for Distal Shaft Deflection of Flexible Ureteroscope
    HUA Penga (华鹏), SHU Xiongpenga (舒雄鹏),XIE Lea,b* (谢叻)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 507-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2505-7
    Abstract149)      PDF(pc) (1652KB)(89)       Save
    Flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinarytract diseases. The key operation of FURS is that the surgeon manipulates the distal shaft of flexible ureteroscopeto a specific target for diagnosis and treatment. However, the hysteresis of flexible ureteroscope may be one ofthe most important factors that degrade the manipulation accuracy and the surgeon usually spends a long timenavigating the distal shaft during surgery. In this study, we obtained hysteresis curves of distal shaft deflectionfor the flexible ureteroscope through extensive repeated experiments. Then, two methods based on piecewiselinear approximation and long short-term memory neural network were employed to model the hysteresis curves.On this basis, we proposed two hysteresis compensation strategies for the distal shaft deflection. Finally, wecarried out hysteresis compensation experiments to verify the two proposed compensation strategies. Experimentalresults showed that the hysteresis compensation strategies can significantly improve position accuracy with meancompensation errors of no more than 5?.
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    Novel Concentric Tube Robot Based on Double-Threaded Helical Gear Tube
    CHEN Weichi(陈韦池), LIU Haocheng(刘浩城), LI Zijian(李子建), GUO Jing, (郭靖), ZHAI Zhenkun(翟振坤), MENG Wei(孟伟)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (3): 296-306.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2595-x
    Abstract357)      PDF(pc) (2087KB)(87)       Save
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the nasal mucosa. It is a malignant tumor of the head and neck. Concentric tube robot (CTR), as it can form a complicated shape and access hardto-reach lesions, is often used in minimally invasive surgeries. However, some CTRs are bulky because of their transmission design. In this paper, a light CTR based on double-threaded helical gear tube is proposed. Such a CTR is less cumbersome than the traditional CTR as its actuation unit is compact and miniaturized. The mapping relationship between the gear tube attitude and motor output angle is obtained by kinematic analysis. The precision, stability, and repeatability of the driving mechanism are tested. The experimental results show that the positioning error in the translation test is less than 0.3 mm, the rolling angle error in the stability test is less than 0.6?, and the error in the translation repeatability test is less than 0.005 mm. Finally, a tip-targeting test is performed using the new CTR, which verifies the feasibility of the CTR for surgeries.
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    Design of Twin-Screw Compressor Rotor Tooth Profile with Meshing Clearance Based on Graphic Method and Alpha Shape Algorithm
    YANG Jian, ∗ (杨 剑), XU Mingzhao (徐明照), LU Zheng (陆 征)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (2): 243-254.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-021-2396-z
    Abstract415)      PDF(pc) (1955KB)(87)       Save
    Rotor clearance is necessary for the safe operation of twin-screw compressors, and it has a major impact on the performance of twin-screw compressors. The purpose of this study was to obtain a rotor tooth profile with reasonable meshing clearance on the rotor end surface, so that the clearance on the rotor contact line would be uniform and the rotor could be smoothly meshed. Under ideal conditions, the rotor of a screw compressor should have no clearance or interference. However, owing to assembly errors, thermal compression, stress deformation, and other factors, a rotor without backlash modification will inevitably produce interference during operation. A new design method based on the Alpha shape solution was proposed to achieve an efficient and high-precision design of the clearance of the twin-screw rotor profile. This method avoids the complex analytical calculations in the traditional envelope principle. The best approximation of the points on the rotor conjugate motion sweeping surface in the points is illuminated using a specific color. The sweeping surface of the screw rotor single-tooth profile is roughly scanned to capture the base point set of the sweeping surface boundary points. The chord length and tilt angle of each interval are calculated using the value of the base point set to adjust the position, phase, and magnification of each interval sweeping surface. Finally, the data point set is converted to the same coordinate system to generate the conjugated rotor profile. An example was used to verify the feasibility and adaptability of this method. Based on the equidistant profile method, the clearance between male and female rotors of a screw compressor was obtained under actual operation conditions. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the meshing clearance design in the machining of twin-screw compressor rotors.
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    Online Multi-Object Tracking Under Moving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform Based on Object Detection and Feature Extraction Network
    LIU Zengmin (刘增敏), WANG Shentao(王申涛), YAO Lixiu(姚莉秀), CAI Yunze(蔡云泽)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (3): 388-399.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2540-4
    Abstract219)      PDF(pc) (1105KB)(80)       Save
    In order to solve the problem of small object size and low detection accuracy under the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform, the object detection algorithm based on deep aggregation network and high-resolution fusion module is studied. Furthermore, a joint network of object detection and feature extraction is studied to construct a real-time multi-object tracking algorithm. For the problem of object association failure caused by UAV movement, image registration is applied to multi-object tracking and a camera motion discrimination model is proposed to improve the speed of the multi-object tracking algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this study can improve the accuracy of multi-object tracking under the UAV platform, and effectively solve the problem of association failure caused by UAV movement.
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    Anti-Occlusion Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Filter Prediction
    CHEN Kun(陈坤), ZHAO Xu(赵旭), DONG Chunyu(董春玉), DI Zichao(邸子超), CHEN Zongzhi(陈宗枝)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2024, 29 (3): 400-413.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2484-8
    Abstract240)      PDF(pc) (5510KB)(80)       Save
    Visual object tracking is an important issue that has received long-term attention in computer vision.The ability to effectively handle occlusion, especially severe occlusion, is an important aspect of evaluating theperformance of object tracking algorithms in long-term tracking, and is of great significance to improving therobustness of object tracking algorithms. However, most object tracking algorithms lack a processing mechanism specifically for occlusion. In the case of occlusion, due to the lack of target information, it is necessary to predict the target position based on the motion trajectory. Kalman filtering and particle filtering can effectively predict the target motion state based on the historical motion information. A single object tracking method, called probabilistic discriminative model prediction (PrDiMP), is based on the spatial attention mechanism in complex scenes and occlusions. In order to improve the performance of PrDiMP, Kalman filtering, particle filtering and linear filtering are introduced. First, for the occlusion situation, Kalman filtering and particle filtering are respectively introduced to predict the object position, thereby replacing the detection result of the original tracking algorithm and stopping recursion of target model. Second, for detection-jump problem of similar objects in complex scenes, a linear filtering window is added. The evaluation results on the three datasets, including GOT-10k, UAV123 and LaSOT, and the visualization results on several videos, show that our algorithms have improved tracking performance under occlusion and the detection-jump is effectively suppressed.
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    Development of Rehabilitation and Assistive Robots in China: Dilemmas and Solutions
    ZHAO Lingling1*(赵玲玲),GUO Yao2(郭遥)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (3): 382-390.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2596-9
    Abstract395)      PDF(pc) (367KB)(77)       Save
    China is rapidly becoming an aging society, leading to a significant demand for chronic disease management and personalized healthcare. The development of rehabilitation and assistive robotics in China has gathered significant attention not only in research fields but also in industries. Such robots aim to either guide patients in completing therapeutic training or assist people with impaired functions in performing their daily activities. In the past decades, we have witnessed the advancement in rehabilitation and assistive robotics, with diverse mechanical designs, functionalities, and purposes. However, the construction of dedicated regulations and policies is relatively lagged compared with the flourishing development in research fields. Moreover, these kinds of robots are working or collaborating closely with human beings, bringing unprecedented considerations on ethical issues. This paper aims to provide an overview of major dilemmas in the development of rehabilitation and assistive robotics in China and propose several potential solutions.
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    Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Using NanoString nCounter Assay
    ZHAO Hui (赵晖),WEN Baiqing (文柏清),KANG Yani*(康亚妮)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 432-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2440-7
    Abstract175)      PDF(pc) (627KB)(77)       Save
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Development of predictivemolecular markers may help to achieve the best outcome in clinic. The purpose of this study is to identify thedifferentially expressed genes and new potential predictive and prognostic molecular biomarkers for CRC. Inthis study, CRC and matched normal tissues acquired from the same patient were used to extract total RNA.The NanoString nCounter assay was applied to determine the differentially expressed genes. The results werethen validated by using the Cancer Genome Atlas data. Finally, we identified 27 genes that revealed significantcorrelation with CRC in the tumor tissue. Several genes in the pan-cancer panel showed significant differentialexpression, which were more universal than others in the CRC tissue. Since some of them have not been reportedas being directly related to CRC yet, future mechanism studies can be designed based on this study. Our studydemonstrated NanoString nCounter assay could serve as an alternative approach for gene expression analysis andidentified several unreported differently expressed genes in CRC patients, which may provide some importantclues for more in-depth study of CRC and serve as potential predictive molecular biomarkers for clinical diagnosisapplication.
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    Numerical Study of Bifurcated Blood Flow in Three Different Blood Viscosity Models
    WU Hui(吴 辉), FU Rongchang* (富荣昌), YANG Xiaoyu (杨晓玉), LI Xianzheng (李现政), WANG Zhaoyao (王召耀)
    J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci    2023, 28 (4): 450-.   DOI: 10.1007/s12204-022-2512-8
    Abstract161)      PDF(pc) (1759KB)(77)       Save
    This study aimed to analyze the hemodynamic effects of bifurcated vessels using different bloodviscosity models. Three-dimensional models of bifurcated vessels in the popliteal artery were constructed basedon CT images, and hemodynamic parameters of the Newtonian, Casson, and two-phase models were calculatedby the computational fluid dynamics method. Blood flowed through the popliteal artery. Blood flow velocitychanged after the bifurcated vessel, with accelerated blood flow velocity in the anterior tibial artery. A lowvelocity vortex region with a region of low wall shear stress (WSS) was generated outside the bifurcated vessel.Local non-Newtonian importance factors of great than 1 (i.e., IL > 1) occurred during the cardiac cycle, andIL > 1.75 occurred at the beginning and end of the cycle. Compared with the Casson and two-phase models, theNewtonian model has a larger vortex region and lower WSS. Low-velocity vortex regions and low WSS regionsin the bifurcated vessels may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Blood exhibited non-Newtonianfluid properties in bifurcated vessels (IL > 1), and the effect of non-Newtonian properties was more pronouncedat the beginning and end of heartbeats (IL > 1.75). The Newtonian model predicts a higher risk of atherosclerosisformation and the effect of non-Newtonian properties of blood should be considered in hemodynamic studies.
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