Table of Content

29 April 2010, Volume 44 Issue 04 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Metallography and Metallurgical Technology

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Constitutive Model for High Temperature PlasticDeformation of Low Carbon Steel JIN Zhaoyang1,2,CUI Zhenshan1 2010, 44 (04):  437-0441.  Abstract ( 3878 )   Save Based on the analysis of hot deformation behavior, a twostage constitutive model of low carbon steel was developed. In the model, the effect of work hardening and dynamic recovery on the flow stress is described by a onestructure parameter model (dislocation evolution model); the softening effect of dynamic recrystallization is expressed by the Avrami equation. The model parameters are identified by using the experimental stressstrain curves obtained from the hot compressive deformation on Gleeble1500 thermosimulation machine, and then the variation of model parameters with deformation condition are investigated. The calculated flow stress curves agree well with the measured ones, which indicates that the developed constitutive model is applicable to the hot deformation process numerical simulation of the investigated low carbon steel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Arc Interruption of Triplewire GMAW HUA Xueming，WANG Fei，MA Xiaoli，WU Yixiong 2010, 44 (04):  442-0446.  Abstract ( 3886 )   Save To reveal the mechanism of interference and arc interruption during triplewire GMAW, signal acquisition system and highspeed camera synchronous acquisition system were developed, which sampl the welding electric waveform and arc features of triplewire GMAW. The factors of arc deflection were analyzed based on electromagnetic theory and it is concluded that arc interruption frequency decreases with the increase of interwire distance, welding current increase and with decrease of welding current. The experimental results show that there is no arc interruption of triplewire GMAW by properly selection of interwire distance and welding current combination on a base of theoretical analysis. And the longer arc length brings about arc plasma upward and arc interruption occurs due to electromagnetic force among arcs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Response Surface Methodology in Surface Roughness Prediction Model and Parameter Optimization ZHANG Hongzhou1， MING Weiwei1， AN Qinglong1， CHEN Ming1, RONG Bin2， HAN Bing2 2010, 44 (04):  447-0451.  Abstract ( 4171 )   Save This paper presented a study of the development of a surface roughness model for finish turning of TC11. The model was developed in terms of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The multi quadratic regression equation predicting formula for surface roughness was established by means of central composite design of experiment, and variance analyses were applied to check the fitting degree of the predictive model. Then the response surface methodology was used to generate response contours of surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the material removal rate can be improved by selecting optimal cutting parameters without increasing the surface roughness. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical and Experimental Study on the inPlane Rotary Draw Bending Process of a ThinWalled Irregular Tube ZHANG Qingqinga,LI Dayonga,PENG Yinghonga,b,XU Zhiweia 2010, 44 (04):  452-0456.  Abstract ( 4050 )   Save The inplane rotary draw bending process of a kind of thinwalled irregular aluminum tube was studied. Based on the software LSDYNA, a finite element model of rotary drawing bending process for aluminum tube was established, and its reliability was validated by experiment. An evaluation method was proposed to describe the channel distortion of the thinwalled irregular tube with harmonicashaped section. According to the simulation results, the variation laws of the irregular tube channels were revealed. The influences of bending angle, bending radius, clearance between module and tube, and friction on the formability were obtained. The results show that the outside channels are expanded and the inside channels become narrow after the tube bending, and the distortion degree of the channels exhibits a linear distribution. Increasing the bending radius can alleviate the channel distortion, while the bending angle, clearance between module and tube, and friction condition between module and tube have little effect on the channel distortion of the tube. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis of Electrical Signal in CO2 FluxCored Double Wire GMAW WANG Fei a，b，HUA Xueming a，b，MA Xiaoli a，b，WU Yixiong a，b，c 2010, 44 (04):  457-0462.  Abstract ( 3639 )   Save In order to get a further understanding of the arc stability and study the regular phenomenon of arc interruption during the CO2fluxcored double wire GMAW process, a series of experiments (arc voltage matching, welding current matching and interwire distance matching) were designed. Synchronous highspeed camera system was used to take a picture of arc shape and data acquisition system based on Labview was used to collect current and voltage waveforms simultaneously. Then histogram was used to analyze the arc stability. The results show that decreasing the voltage of trailing arc, decreasing the current ratio between trailing arc and leading arc and increasing the interwire distance will enhance the leading arc stability; decreasing the current ratio between leading arc and trailing arc,decreasing the voltage of trailing arc and increasing the interwire distance will decrease the frequency of interruption of the trailing arc. Finally, the captured images of the arc were combined with the acquisition of current, voltage waveforms, by which the arc interruption phenomenon occurred in the welding process was analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Fe-Cr-C in Situ Synthesis by Electron Beam WU Xiaomin,LU Fenggui,LU Binfeng,YU Hailiang 2010, 44 (04):  463-0467.  Abstract ( 3823 )   Save Four line rotation scanning” vacuum electron beam was used in this test. Different natures of surface composite layers were in situ synthesized on the lowalloy steel, with four different ratio of Fe/Cr/C alloy powder. Each deposited sample was analyzed with optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD) and surface microhardness testing to study the effect of powder composition on the surface composite layer’s microstructure and mechanical property. The results show that the microstructures of surface composite layers prepared by different ratio Fe/Cr/C powder mixtures vary significantly. As the carbon content increases, the amounts of carbides will be formed higher, and the hardness also increases. The microstructures of the composite layers are martensite structure, hypoeutectic microstructure, eutectic structure and hypereutectic microstructure. It provides an important basis for the FeCrC material to have excellent wearresisting property. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Distortional Springback of Advanced HighStrength Steel Sheet Metal Forming GUO Chaoqun,CHEN Jun,CHEN Jieshi,XU DongkaiYU Xiangyu,BAI Yanchao 2010, 44 (04):  468-0472.  Abstract ( 4403 )   Save In order to study the characteristic of advanced highstrength steel (AHSS) distortional springback, an open forming part SRail and semiopen one were designed and stamped using the same draw die. The springback predictions of DP780 under the two process conditions were finished and validated by experiment. A new method to evaluate the distortional springback was proposed, and the impacts of blank holding force, frictional coefficient and material rolling directions to distortional springback were investigated. The results show that, lower blank holding force causes smaller distortion, while no similar rule is found when frictional coefficient changes. Besides, compared with parallel direction blank, vertical direction rolling blank induces larger distortion in the condition of higher blank holding force and frictional coefficient. The results are of help to control the industrial distortional springback. Related Articles | Metrics

Mechanical Engineering

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Quantitative Analysis Method of SiC/PTFE Nanocomposite LU Derong,HE Chunxia,XIAO Shengming 2010, 44 (04):  473-0477.  Abstract ( 4346 )   Save Using independently developed microcosmic structure analysis system of nanocomposites which is based on the image processing technology, this paper carried on quantitative analysis of microcosmic structure of SiC/PTFE nanocomposite by computational method of particle dispersion degree. The results indicate that: The particle dispersion degree can take a good quantitative attribute of uniformity of nanoparticles which disperse in the PTFE matrix; Along with the content of SiC nanoparticle increases, the particle dispersion degree increases first and then decreases; When the content of SiC nanoparticle is 7%, the particle dispersion degree is quite large, and the nanoparticles disperse quite uniformly in the composite; The treatment by coupling agent may enhance the particle dispersion degree of SiC nanoparticles in PTFE matrix. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geometrical Error Compensation in Propagated Spherical Surface Grinding System XU Kaizhou，WEI Chenjuan，HU Dejin 2010, 44 (04):  478-0483.  Abstract ( 4016 )   Save Kinematics theory of a multibody system was used to analyze translational joint error, rotational joint error and quadrature error in the spherical grinding system. This paper proposed a virtual grinding point method based on the feature of the process, and the feasibility as well as effectiveness of this method were also demonstrated. A volumetric error model of the grinding system was built up, and the corresponding value of the geometrical error was measured through a laser interferometer. Finally, a software compensation method was employed to validate the model. The experimental results show that the spherical surface grinding precision is significantly improved by geometrical error compensation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Evaluation of Fixture Locating Layout and Research in LocatorSearching Algorithm JIANG Ang1,FAN Qinglin2,ZHENG Cheng1,YU Kuigang1,JIN Sun1 2010, 44 (04):  484-0488.  Abstract ( 4115 )   Save Based on the concept of geometric stability, a stability index for evaluating a deterministic locating layout was presented and a new locatorsearching algorithm was proposed to optimize fixture locating design which has been validated by a fixture locating design case of automobile dashboard. The results show that the method is feasible to improve the quality and efficiency of fixture design. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control of Error Sources in Batch Production of Parts LI Sike,MIAO Rui,ZHAO Yanzheng，JIANG Zhibin 2010, 44 (04):  489-0494.  Abstract ( 4199 )   Save To statistically control the crosscorrelation of part dimension errors in batch production, spatial relationship between part dimensional features and error sources was established based on analysis of part dimension error and its propagation model. Multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) was adopted to control error sources in batch production of parts, and a method to control part dimension error in batch production through statistical control of error resources which are taken as inputs was proposed. Efficiency and reliability of this model were verified by simulation analysis based on comparison of MEWMA control of error sources and Shewart control of dimension deviations in step abnormal pattern, singular value abnormal pattern and trend abnormal pattern of error sources. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transmission in Consideration of Flexible Bearing FU Shengping,XIANG Changle,YAO Shouwen 2010, 44 (04):  495-0499.  Abstract ( 4116 )   Save Analysis for Dynamics Simulation of RigidFlexible Coupling Gear To obtain dynamic characteristic of gear train system more accurately in MSC.ADAMS, transmission shafts were dispersed; then numerical simulation was used to gain interior dynamic excitation of gearing and the torsion vibration model of gear pair was transmitted to an equivalent model to calculate; the dynamic characteristic of rolling bearing working with sufficient lubrication was simulated. The model which can take the consideration of gearing timevariable traits, lateraltorsional coupling of train shafts and bearing flexibility was eventually constructed. The conclusion demonstrates that the simulation results based upon different conditions differ from each other and flexible bearing accords with the fact more precisely. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of the Pneumatic Servovalve with Symmetric Uneven Underlaps YIN Yaobao1,LI Changming1,ARAKI Kenji2 2010, 44 (04):  500-0505.  Abstract ( 3731 )   Save A pneumatic servovalve with even underlaps or uneven underlaps and its characteristics of control orifices were discussed. The pressure of the steadystate working point at x=0 is as much as 80% of the supply pressure for a servovalve with symmetric and even underlaps of the spool valve. But it is less than 80% of the supply pressure for a servovalve with symmetric but uneven underlaps where the underlaps of upstream is less than that of downstream. And it is larger than 80% of the supply pressure for a servovalve with symmetric but uneven underlaps where the underlaps of upstream is larger than that of downstream. Either a pneumatic servovalve with symmetric and even underlaps, or a pneumatic servovalve with symmetric and uneven underlaps has maximal leakage flow rate on neutral position of the spool valve. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Related Articles | Metrics

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TwoAxis Turntable Calibration in ThreeDimensional Structured Light Measurement System HU Minzheng1,2,XI Juntong1,2,3 2010, 44 (04):  506-0511.  Abstract ( 4090 )   Save A new method to calibrate the axes of the turntable was presented based on the measurement data in the structured light measurement system. Two balls were mounted on the turntable by a given mode. Let the two balls circle around the swing axis and measure the two balls at different angles. Get each ball’s data and calculate its center. Each ball’s centers define a circle. The two circle’s center defines the swing axis. The rolling axis at the origin position can be decided in the same way. Then the rolling axis at any position can be calculated easily. So the MultiView can be integrated automatically. The experiments show that this method is simple,efficient and can be used in other measuring system with a turntable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Nanotribological Behavior of APTES/Rareearth Composite Film YANG Qianqian，CHENG Xianhua，QI Yong 2010, 44 (04):  512-0516.  Abstract ( 3555 )   Save APTES/rareearth composite film was fabricated on the singlecrystal silicon substrate by molecular selfassembly process. The structure of the composite films was characterized using ellipsometer, contact angle tester and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The adhesion and nanofriction properties of the composite films were investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicate that APTES/RE film possesses a remarkable low friction coefficient and adhesion. Along with the increase of the scanning rate and load, the friction force between the probe and the film increases. The friction force and adhesion force increase with relative humidity increasing. APTES/RE composite film shows excellent antiadhesion property and wearresistance characteristic, indicating its promising applications in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Linear Modeling and Control of Dimensional Variation in MultiStation Manufacturing System R YING Yangjian,MIAO Rui,ZHAO Yanzheng,JIANG Zhibin 2010, 44 (04):  517-0522.  Abstract ( 3706 )   Save In order to solve the existence of nonlinear factors in the system matrices of the existed state space model, a linear state space model which depicts the propagation of products’ dimensional variation in multistation manufacturing systems was given through homogeneous transform method used for coordinate transform from part coordinate to machine coordinate and linearization of the system matrices based on the definitions of part model, part variation and coordinate systems of part, fixture and machine. The linear inputoutput form of the derived model enhances the existed model’s usability and effectiveness, practicality of the derived model is also verified by a case study. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Test Method of P-Q Curve for ElectroHydraulic Proportional Pump XU Lei，TAO Jianfeng，LIU Chengliang 2010, 44 (04):  523-0527.  Abstract ( 4044 )   Save This paper presented a new test method of P-Q curve for electrohydraulic proportional pump due to the existence of measuring error of flow and pressure vibration. Both simulation and experiment show there exist obvious test error and vibration in the PQ curve obtained from the test loading in the openloop way, and a new test method loading in the closedloop way was proposed. As the test system has different requirements for loading when the pump comes to different working phases, an adaptive controller that can adjust control parameters and choose control signals automatically was established, which controls the pressure by PI controller and diminishes the vibration by PD controller. Both simulated and experimental results show that the new proposed test method does well in diminishing the pressure vibration and measuring error of flow, and makes effective progress in the test of PQ curve for electrohydraulic proportional pump. Related Articles | Metrics

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Scheduling with Single AGV and Single Buffer Area for Flexible Production System DONG Yijun，ZHANG Gong，ZHANG Jie 2010, 44 (04):  528-0534.  Abstract ( 4208 )   Save To deal with the flexible production system scheduling problem, a new scheduling model was proposed based on the constrains of the single AGV and single buffer area. The strategy of the AGV scheduling was illustrated and the math model with the combination of job scheduling and AGV scheduling was constructed. To solve this model, a modified genetic algorithm was proposed to improve the average machine efficiency by optimizing its gene order. The result of scheduling is not only the jobs processing sequence in every workstation, but the move path of AGV. The experiment results show better computational performance of the proposed algorithm. Equipment utilization is also improved under the same experiment conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Optimal Method of Autobody Front End Matching Based on Fractional Hausdorff Distance XU Jike1，WANG Hua1，ZHENG Hengyong2，WANG Wei2 2010, 44 (04):  535-0539.  Abstract ( 4180 )   Save In automotive body assembly, gap and flushness is one of the most important quality factors. An optimizing method based on fractional Hausdorff distance was proposed to improve the gap and flushness of front end, the area among the hood, headlight, bumper and fender. The weighted sum of fractional Hausdorff distances among the corresponding regions was employed as the optimal matching function. It could find the global optimal position by using the genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by two practical examples. At the same time this method possesses guiding effects on tolerance design of front end. Related Articles | Metrics

Engineering Mechanics

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Experimental Research on the Evaporation Rate of IPA in a Vertical Hole Affected by Horizontal Flow YANG Kangjun，DING Guoliang，PU Hui，ZHU Yu，HU Haitao 2010, 44 (04):  540-0545.  Abstract ( 3818 )   Save The evaporation rate of IPA under three kinds of flow velocities and six kinds of hole diameters were experimentally studied, and the local mass transfer coefficients (Sherwood number) inside holes that indicate evaporation rate were analyzed. The experimental results show that IPA evaporation process can be divided into three different steps: strong convection, convection mass transfer and diffusion. The local mass transfer coefficient is larger under condition of higher flow velocity and larger diameter of hole. The local mass transfer coefficients inside holes whose diameters ranging from 3 mm to 5 mm are about 100 times larger than those inside holes whose diameters ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm. Two correlations of local mass transfer coefficient were developed for mmscale holes and μmscale holes respectively.isopropanol Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Salt Spray Corrosion on the AirSide Pressure Drop Performance of CopperFin Heat Exchangers PU Hui1,DING Guoliang1,HU Haitao1,GAO Yifeng2 2010, 44 (04):  545-0549.  Abstract ( 3982 )   Save Four kinds of corroded heat exchangers were performed in order to investigate the effects of salt spray corrosion on the airside pressure drop of copperfin heat exchangers. The performance on airside pressure drop of corroded and uncorroded heat exchangers were compared and analyzed under different Reynolds number. In order to analyze the effects of hydrophilicity on airside pressure drop, the static contact angle and dynamic contact angle of the copper fins were also tested. The experimental results indicate that, with the increase of salt spray hours, the static contact angle and dynamic contact angle of the fins increase, the airside pressure drop increases, and the friction factor decreases. The airside pressure drop increases by 17.5%~21.6% at most when the air velocity is 0.5~2.0 m/s. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Adsorbent of Sodium Humate and Its Desulfurization Properties SUN Zhiguo1,CHEN Hongwen2，HU Guoxin1，ZHAO Yu1 2010, 44 (04):  550-0554.  Abstract ( 3676 )   Save A novel method of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by sodium humate (HNa) was put forward. The composite adsorbent of HNa/αAl2O3, characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDS, and SEM, was prepared by impregnation method, and the desulfurization property of the adsorbent impregnated with ammonia (NH4OH) was studied in a fixedbed quartz reactor. The experimental results show that the HNacoating, which coats onto αAl2O3 fibers impregnated with HNa solution, can improve the property of αAl2O3 support for FGD; the HNacoating on the adsorbent of HNa/αAl2O3 impregnated with ammonia plays an key role in improving the desulfurization property of the αAl2O3. The lost ammonia is decreased and the longer time of high SO2 conversation rate can be maintained, because of the great adsorption capability of HNa. Furthermore, the desulfurization products can be flushed from the αAl2O3 fibers, and made into a compound fertilizer consisting of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium humate and HNa. The regenerated αAl2O3 fibers can be recycled. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Connecting RodCrankshaft Variable Inertia on Piston Secondary Motion ZHANG Zhinan,XIE Youbai 2010, 44 (04):  555-0559.  Abstract ( 4045 )   Save This paper presented a novel model with considering the effects of connecting rodcrankshaft variable inertia on the piston secondary motion. The corresponding computing program was developed to predict the piston trajectory and the side force of piston skirt. The results show that the connecting rod inertia variation has considerable effects on the piston secondary motion and the side force of piston skirt, while the effect of the crankshaft variable inertia is weak. The model can be applied to analyze various engine design parameters and operational conditions in the design of internal combustion engines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Performance Optimaization Strategy for Refrigerated Display Cases CAO Zhikun1,GU Bo1,GU Zhong2 2010, 44 (04):  560-0565.  Abstract ( 3842 )   Save Using the modified twofluid (MTF) model, the flow and heat transfer of air curtain and air around were simulated. Moreover, the air leakage quantity of the open vertical display cases was also confirmed. Using the results calculated by the MTF model as the testing and validation data, the optimized function was solved by adaptive support vector machine (ASVM) algorithm. By the validated experimental data, the defrosting water quantity and TEC/TDA of optimum display case are reduced by 39.2% and 19.3% respectively, which reduces the air leakage significantly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions in a Micro Grooved Heat Pipe QIN Chao，LIU Zhenhua 2010, 44 (04):  566-0570.  Abstract ( 3755 )   Save An experiment was carried out to study the heat transfer performance of an axially microgrooved heat pipe using water based multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) suspensions as the working fluid. The effects of the MWNT mass concentration and the operating pressure on the evaporation and condensation heat transfer coefficients, the maximum heat flux and the total heat resistance of the heat pipe were investigated and discussed. The experimental results show that MWNT suspensions can apparently improve the thermal performance of the heat pipe and there is an optimal MWNT mass concentration of about 2.0 % to achieve the maximum heat transfer enhancement. The operating pressure has a significant influence on the enhancement of heat transfer coefficients, and slight influences on the enhancement of the maximum heat flux. Under the pressure of 7.45 kPa, the evaporation heat transfer coefficient and the maximum heat flux for the MWNT suspension can be enhanced up most by about 80% and 25% respectively compared to those for water. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bond GraphBased Modeling and Simulation of Marine Condensation System NI He,CHENG Gang,SUN Fengrui 2010, 44 (04):  571-0577.  Abstract ( 3900 )   Save The modeling and simulation of a condensation system in marine steam power plant were studied by the bondgraph theory. The coexistent mechanical power conversion, heat and mass transfer in the system were analyzed by standard method, and its universal model on the basic physical laws was established. Using practical object to validate the bondgraph model, it is found that the model can preferably respond the static precision and dynamic characteristics of marine steam turbine and has preferable accuracy and realtime characteristic, the conclusions have some theoretic and practical value. Related Articles | Metrics

Chemical Engineering

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Effects of Ca(OH)2 on the Thermal Decomposition of Coal Humic Acid under Conditions of Dry and Wet Mixing YANG Jitao,DING Weihua,HU Guoxin 2010, 44 (04):  578-0583.  Abstract ( 3870 )   Save The effects of Ca(OH)2 on the thermal decomposition of coal humic acid under conditions of dry mixing and wet mixing were studied by means of DTG（derivative thermogravimetry），XRD（Xray diffraction）and SEM（scanning electron microscopy）. The results show that Ca(OH)2 additive has slight effect on the evaporation of the adsorbed water and the decomposition of the function groups from humic acid below 400 °C，whether under condition of dry mixing（i.e.,without the soaking role of H2O）or of wet mixing（i.e.,with the soaking role of H2O）. The mixture of humic acid and Ca(OH)2 under condition of wet mixing，440 °C～610 °C，presents higher weightloss rate than the mixture under condition of dry mixing. When heated up to 738 °C，the maximum weightloss rate of the aromatic nucleus from the humic acid mixture with the role of H2O arrives at 0.215 8 mg/min. It is found that Ca(OH)2 plays the role of the removal of 002 diffraction peak，the CO2 absorption and the catalysis in thermal decomposition of humic acid. What’s more，for the soaking role of H2O，Ca2+ ion is easily and uniformly loaded onto the molecule of humic acid，which is prone to complex reaction. As a result，the catalyse and the thermal decomposition of humic acid are enhanced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Synthetic Diamond Crystals ZHAO Gang,ZHAO Jiang,ZHANG Yafei 2010, 44 (04):  584-0587.  Abstract ( 3949 )   Save This article introduced an overview of the growth of synthetic diamond single crystals, by the highpressure and hightemperature (HPHT) method and the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The advantages and disadvantages of two main CVD technologies, which are hot flame CVD and microwave CVD, were compared. The research development of doping diamond to P and N types,the doping effects of N, Li, Na, P, S, and the impact of BS codoping were also presented. Related Articles | Metrics

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Warpage Optimization for Injection Molding Based on Kriging Metamodel CHEN Wei1，ZHOU Xionghui1，ZHANG Ruzhen1，HAN Xianhong1，WANG Huifeng2 2010, 44 (04):  588-0592.  Abstract ( 4110 )   Save Compared with the traditional processing optimization for injection molding based on CAE, Kriging metamodel has better fitting precision for nonlinear problem. An integrated optimization strategy based on Kriging metamodel and adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm was constructed. Kriging metamodel was adopted to replace CAE analysis as a fitness function of particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm, and the computation cost can be reduced greatly. Meanwhile, adaptive inertial weight coefficient was introduced to PSO algorithm, and the convergence rate of PSO can be accelerated. It is shown that the optimization strategy based on Kriging metamodel and APSO can get higher solving accuracy, the optimization strategy also has higher computation efficiency compared with standard genetic algorithm. Related Articles | Metrics