Satellite orientation, as one of the main technologies in modern navigation field, has many advantages, such as low cost, quick initialization, high precision and no accumulate error. Based on the discussion of the effect between the accuracy of pseudo-range and carrier phase in the shortbaseline orientation determination, an improved least squares real-time search algorithm was proposed, which had multi-constraints with fixed baseline length, known pitch angle and geometric relationship among visual satellites. Because of using single epoch information only, the method avoided carrier phase cycle slips, which reduced the initial time significantly. The static and dynamic experimental results proved that this method is speedy and efficient, which is characterized by high success rate and high accuracy in the orientation determination.
