点阵压气机叶轮的设计与3D打印仿真

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2020.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以压气机叶轮为研究对象,基于八角桁架点阵结构,设计了一种新型轻量化点阵压气机叶轮,通过选择性激光熔融(SLM)280型金属3D打印机对设计叶轮的可加工性进行了验证.为了解其3D打印性能,基于有限单元法(FEM)对点阵轮的3D打印过程进行了模拟.在保证利用数值方法研究3D打印过程可行的基础上,对不同功率下点阵轮的打印过程进行了分析,并与相同工况下的实心压气机叶轮进行了对比.结果表明:点阵轮与实心轮的层变形是一个逐层叠加递增的过程,在本文的7种工况下,点阵轮打印完成时的最大残余变形与残余应力均小于实心轮.点阵轮的最大残余变形最大可比实心轮小20.19%,最大残余应力可比实心轮小10.69%.这意味着点阵轮除了比实心轮具有更轻的质量,还将比实心轮具有更优异的打印性能.

关键词: 金属点阵结构叶轮, 金属3D打印, 数值模拟, 有限单元法

Abstract:

Taking the compressor impeller as the research object, and based on the octagonal truss lattice structure, a novel lightweight lattice compressor impeller is designed, and its machinability is verified by using a SLM280 3D printer. In order to understand its 3D printing performance, the 3D printing process of the lattice impeller is simulated based on the finite element method (FEM). Based on the feasibility of using the numerical method to study the 3D printing process, the printing process of the lattice impeller at different power values is analyzed and compared with the solid compressor impeller under the same working condition. The results show that the layer deformation of the lattice impeller and the solid impeller is a process that increases layer by layer. Under the 7 working conditions studied in this paper, the maximum residual deformation and residual stress of the lattice impeller after printing are less than those of the solid impeller. The maximum residual deformation of the lattice impeller can be 20.19% smaller than that of the solid impeller, and the maximum residual stress can be 10.69% smaller than that of the solid impeller. This means that the lattice impeller is not only lighter, but also has a better printing performance than the solid impeller.

Key words: metal lattice structure impeller, 3D printing of metal, numerical simulation, finite element method (FEM)

中图分类号:

V261.8

张源, 李范春, 贾德君. 点阵压气机叶轮的设计与3D打印仿真[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(6): 729-740.

ZHANG Yuan, LI Fanchun, JIA Dejun. Design and 3D Printing Simulation of a Lattice Compressor Impeller[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(6): 729-740.

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激光功率/W	激光走速/(m·s^-1)	层厚/μm	激光宽度/mm
250	1.1	30	0.12
275	1.1	30	0.12
300	1.1	30	0.12

激光功率/W	残余变形相对偏差/%	残余应力相对偏差/%
150	6.31	6.84
175	4.11	6.95
200	3.33	8.30
225	5.05	10.49
250	12.62	10.69
275	4.91	6.87
300	20.19	0.62