Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12%Cr Steel During Hot Deformation

doi:10.1007/s12204-015-1668-x

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Five forging experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters on microstructure evolution during hot deformation for X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel. The experimental results indicated that average grain size became finer with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching. Especially, the size of stretching three times with upsetting twice had the most remarkable effect on refinement, and the size was only 27.36% of the original one. Moreover, the stress model was integrated into the software and finite element models were established. Simulation results demonstrated that the strain at center point of workpiece was far larger than critical strain value in each process, so that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred in each workpiece, which implied DRX could occur for several times with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching, and uniform finer microstructure would be obtained. However, the results also showed that higher temperature was an unfavorable factor for grain refinement, so the times of heating should be limited for workpiece, and as many forging processes as possible should be finished in once heating.

关键词: microstructure, forging process, hot deformation, grain size, numerical simulation

Abstract: Five forging experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the effect of process parameters on microstructure evolution during hot deformation for X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel. The experimental results indicated that average grain size became finer with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching. Especially, the size of stretching three times with upsetting twice had the most remarkable effect on refinement, and the size was only 27.36% of the original one. Moreover, the stress model was integrated into the software and finite element models were established. Simulation results demonstrated that the strain at center point of workpiece was far larger than critical strain value in each process, so that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred in each workpiece, which implied DRX could occur for several times with the increasing number of upsetting and stretching, and uniform finer microstructure would be obtained. However, the results also showed that higher temperature was an unfavorable factor for grain refinement, so the times of heating should be limited for workpiece, and as many forging processes as possible should be finished in once heating.

Key words: microstructure, forging process, hot deformation, grain size, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TG 316.2

SUI Da-shan*(隋大山), GAO Liang (高亮), CUI Zhen-shan (崔振山). Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12%Cr Steel During Hot Deformation[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2015, 20(5): 606-611.

SUI Da-shan*(隋大山), GAO Liang (高亮), CUI Zhen-shan (崔振山). Microstructure Evolution of Different Forging Processes for 12%Cr Steel During Hot Deformation[J]. Journal of shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), 2015, 20(5): 606-611.

参考文献 12

[1]	Ennis P J, Quandakkers W J. 9-12% chromium steels: Application limits and potential for further development[C]//Parson 2000 for Advanced Materials for 21st Century Turbines and Power Plant: Proceedings of the Fifth International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference. London, UK: IOM Communications,2000: 265-275.
[2]	Maruyam K, Sawada K, Koike J. Strengthening mechanisms of creep resistant tempered martensitic steel [J]. ISIJ International, 2001, 41(6): 641-653.
[3]	Dubey J S, Chilukuru H, Chakrakravartty J K,et al. Effects of cyclic deformation on subgrain evolution and creep in 9-12% Cr-steels [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005, 406: 152-159.
[4]	Sonderegger B, Mitsche S, Cerjak H.Microstructural analysis on a creep resistant martensitic 9-12%Cr steel using the EBSD method [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 481-482: 466-470.
[5]	Rojas D, Garcia J, Prat O, et al. Effect of processing parameters on the evolution of dislocation density and sub-grain size of a 12%Cr heat resistant steel during creep at 650?C [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528: 1372-1381.
[6]	Wang B Z, Fu W T, Lv Z Q, et al. Study on hot deformation behavior of 12%Cr ultra-super-critical rotor steel [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008,487: 108-113.
[7]	Wang Z H, Fu W T, Wang B Z, et al. Study on hot deformation characteristics of 12%Cr ultra-supercritical rotor steel using processing maps and Zener-Hollomon parameter [J]. Materials Characterization,2010, 61: 25-30.
[8]	Laasraoui A, Jonas J J. Recrystallization of austenite after deformation at high temperatures and strain rates: Analysis and modeling [J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1991, 22A(1): 151-160.
[9]	Laasraoui A, Jonas J J. Prediction of steel flow stresses at high temperatures and strain rates [J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1991, 22A(7): 1545-1558.
[10]	Sui D S, Wang W, Fu B, et al. Research on flow stress model and dynamic recrystallization model of X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel [C]//The 11th international Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes. Shenyang, China: AIP Publishing LLC, 2013: 826-837.
[11]	Chen F, Cui Z S, Chen S J. Recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoV ultra-super-critical rotor steel during hot deformation. Part I. Dynamic recrystallization[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528:5073-5080.
[12]	Poursina M, Ebrahimi H, Parvizian J. Flow stress behavior of two stainless steels: An experimentalnumerical investigation [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008, 199: 287-294.

[1]	WEN Xiaofei, ZHOU Ruiping, YUAN Qiang, LEI Junsong . Coupling Mathematical Model of Marine Propulsion Shafting in Steady Operating State[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Science), 2020, 25(4): 463-469.
[2]	PANG Guoliang (庞国良), CHEN Chaohe* (陈超核), SHEN Yijun (沈义俊), LIU Fuyong (刘夫永). Comparison Between Different Finite Element Analyses of Unbonded Flexible Pipe via Different Modeling Patterns[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science), 2019, 24(3): 357-363.
[3]	JIANG Zhao (姜朝), HUA Xueming* (华学明), HUANG Lijin (黄立进),WU Dongsheng (吴东升), LI Fa. High Efficiency and Quality of Multi-Pass Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding for Thick Al 5083 Alloy Plates[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science), 2019, 24(2): 148-157.
[4]	JIN Xudong (金旭东), Lü Tian (吕田), YU Guoyao (余国瑶), LIU Jiawei (刘佳伟), HUANG Xiaoyu. Design and Combustion Characteristic Analysis of Free Piston Stirling Engine External Combustion System[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science), 2018, 23(Sup. 1): 50-55.
[5]	ZHAO Peipei (赵培培), WANG Lipo* (王利坡). Revised Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Characteristic Boundary Conditions for Intense Reactive Turbulence[J]. sa, 2018, 23(1): 190-201.
[6]	XIAO Xiao (肖潇), ZHANG Yangqing (张扬清), LI Mingguang* (李明广), WANG Jianhua (王建华). Responses of the Strata and Supporting System to Dewatering in Deep Excavations[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2017, 22(6): 705-711.
[7]	ZHEN Lianga (甑亮), CHEN Jinjiana* (陈锦剑), . Effect of Orthogonal Stiffeners on the Stability of Axially Compressed Steel Jacking Pipe[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2017, 22(5): 536-540.
[8]	WANG Huaming1,3 (王化明), SHENG Xue1 (盛学), WANG Shilai2* (王世来), CHEN Lin2 (陈林),YUAN. Numerical Study on Water Depth Effects on Hydrodynamic Forces Acting on Berthing Ships[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2017, 22(2): 198-205.
[9]	宋金龙，赵亦希，于忠奇，孔庆帅. 铝合金封头旋压成形变厚度毛坯设计方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2017, 51(11): 1304-1311.
[10]	NIU Fu-jun1,3 (牛富俊), SUN Hong2* (孙红), GE Xiu-run2 (葛修润), ZHANG Jin-zhao3 (章金钊). Temperature Adjustment Mechanism of Composite Embankment with Perforated Ventilation Pipe and Blocky Stone[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2013, 18(6): 729-732.
[11]	ZHAO Wen-hua (赵文华), YANG Jian-min* (杨建民), HU Zhi-qiang (胡志强), WEI Yue-feng (魏跃峰). Numerical Investigation on the Hydrodynamic Difference Between Internal and External Turret-Moored FLNG[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2013, 18(5): 590-597.
[12]	LI Ke1,2* (李科), WANG Ying-yi3 (王颖轶), HUANG Xing-chun2,3 (黄醒春). Regression Analysis of Initial Stress Field Around Faults Based on Fault Throw by Displacement Discontinuity Method[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2013, 18(4): 474-478.
[13]	TANG Wei-qin (唐伟琴), HUANG Shi-yao (黄诗尧), ZHANG Shao-rui (张少睿), LI Da-yong (李大永),. Polycrystalline Behavior Analysis of Extruded Magnesium Alloy AZ31[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2013, 18(2): 186-189.
[14]	SUN Weia* (孙威), XIONG Xianga (熊翔), LI Xiao-binb (李小斌), LI Guo-donga (李国栋). Mechanical Properties and Residue Stress of Four Kinds of ZrC Coatings Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2012, 17(6): 706-711.
[15]	LIU Li1,2* (刘礼), MA Xiao-li1 (马晓丽), ZHAO Su3 (赵素) . Microstructure and Hardness of Ni-xSi Alloys [J]. 上海交通大学学报（英文版）, 2012, 17(6): 648-652.