楼宇型虚拟电厂参与能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行策略

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.191

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 604-616.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.191

• 新型电力系统与综合能源 • 上一篇下一篇

楼宇型虚拟电厂参与能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行策略

邬凯浪¹, 李寅晓¹, 李立², 张青蕾², 郭鸿业¹()

¹ 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系, 北京 100084
² 国网陕西省电力公司电力调度控制中心, 西安 710049

收稿日期:2024-05-27 修回日期:2024-07-11 接受日期:2024-10-23 出版日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2026-04-29
通讯作者: 郭鸿业 E-mail:hyguo@tsinghua.edu.cn
作者简介:邬凯浪(1999—),硕士,从事电力市场机制设计及灵活性资源优化运行研究.
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(1400-202357343A-1-1-ZN)

Optimization Operation Strategy for Building-Based Virtual Power Plant Participation in Energy and Flexible Ramping Markets

WU Kailang¹, LI Yinxiao¹, LI Li², ZHANG Qinglei², GUO Hongye¹()

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
² Dispatch and Control Center of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company, Xi’an 710049, China

Received:2024-05-27 Revised:2024-07-11 Accepted:2024-10-23 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-04-29
Contact: GUO Hongye E-mail:hyguo@tsinghua.edu.cn

1. 604-2024-191-附录.pdf(18629KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新能源渗透率不断提升的背景下,为应对电力系统快速增长的灵活爬坡需求,本文提出了一种面向需求侧灵活资源的楼宇型虚拟电厂(BVPP)参与能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行策略.首先,考虑楼宇内各设备的物理特性、环境因素及人为因素,建立了电动汽车集群与中央空调系统的灵活性供应模型,评估BVPP灵活爬坡供应能力.其次,考虑负荷及新能源出力预测中存在的不确定性,基于条件风险价值理论,建立了BVPP参与日前能量与灵活爬坡市场的优化运行模型.进一步地,为反映BVPP风险偏好对各主体收益分配的影响,引入风险效应因子,提出了基于风险修正Shapley值法的BVPP内部各主体收益分配机制.最后,通过算例分析验证了所提BVPP市场优化运行策略在经济性和低碳性以及收益分配机制的合理性.

关键词: 灵活性资源, 中央空调系统, 电动汽车, 条件风险价值, 风险修正Shapley法

Abstract:

To address the rapidly growing demand for flexible ramping in power systems with the increasing penetration of renewable energy, an optimization operation strategy for a building-based virtual power plant (BVPP) is proposed to participate in energy and flexible ramping markets with the integration of demand-side flexible resources. First, flexible operation models for electric vehicle clusters and central air-conditioning systems are built to assess the flexible ramping supply capacity of the BVPP considering the physical characteristics of various devices within buildings, as well as environmental and human factors. Next, a day-ahead energy and flexible ramp market optimization operation model for BVPP is built based on conditional value-at-risk theory, considering the uncertainty in load and renewable energy output forecasts. Then, a risk effect factor is introduced and a revenue distribution mechanism within the BVPP is proposed based on a risk-modified Shapley method considering the impact of the risk preferences of BVPP on the revenue distribution among various entities. Finally, case studies are constructed to verify the economic and low-carbon advantages of the proposed BVPP market optimization operation strategy, as well as the rationality of the revenue distribution mechanism.

Key words: flexible resources, central air conditioning system (CACS), electric vehicles (EVs), conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), risk-modified Shapley method

中图分类号:

TM732

邬凯浪, 李寅晓, 李立, 张青蕾, 郭鸿业. 楼宇型虚拟电厂参与能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行策略[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(4): 604-616.

WU Kailang, LI Yinxiao, LI Li, ZHANG Qinglei, GUO Hongye. Optimization Operation Strategy for Building-Based Virtual Power Plant Participation in Energy and Flexible Ramping Markets[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(4): 604-616.

图/表 9

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运行状态	能量市场成本	爬坡市场收益	爬坡市场偏差成本	碳排放成本	总成本
合作运行前	23535.9	0	0	297.9	23834.0
合作运行后	21094.8	14033.1	6162.5	129.1	13358.1

风险偏好系数	收益分配/元			总收益/元
风险偏好系数	PV	EV集群	CACS	总收益/元
0.1	2327.9	1473.2	6674.6	10475.7
0.3	2327.8	1468.5	6634.3	10430.6
0.5	2324.7	1466.9	6610.5	10402.1

风险偏好系数	收益分配/元			总收益/元
风险偏好系数	PV	EV集群	CACS	总收益/元
0.1	2192.3	1541.0	6742.4	10475.7
0.3	2222.8	1521.0	6686.8	10430.6
0.5	2249.9	1504.3	6647.9	10402.1

楼宇型虚拟电厂参与能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行策略

Optimization Operation Strategy for Building-Based Virtual Power Plant Participation in Energy and Flexible Ramping Markets

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