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31 August 2016, Volume 21 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Dynamic modeling and active control of a strap-on launch vehicle Liu P.; Guo S.; Cai G. 2016, 21 (4):  385-394.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1737-9 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (839KB) ( 3 )   Dynamic modeling and active control of a strap-on launch vehicle are studied in this paper. In the dynamic modeling, the double-compatible free-interface modal synthesis method is used to establish dynamic model of the system, and its model precision is compared with those of finite element method (FEM), fixedinterface modal synthesis method and free-interface modal synthesis method. In the active control, the swing angle of rocket motor is used as design variable, and the control law design based on the model of mass center motion is adopted to validate the system. Simulation results indicate that the double-compatible model synthesis method can properly approximate the FEM which is used as the benchmark solution, and the model precision of the double-compatible modal synthesis method is obviously higher than those of the fixed-interface and freeinterface modal synthesis methods. Based on the control law design, the deflection of mass center of the launch vehicle is very small. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Coupled heat and mass transfer analysis of NH3-H2O falling film absorption on inner tube surface with low solution flow rates Lin P.; Wang R. 2016, 21 (4):  395-405.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1738-8 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1213KB) ( 0 )   NH3-H2O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances. The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature (concentration) difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH3-H2O absorption process. The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process, which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the formation mechanism of ordered carbide (FeMn)3AlC in the Al added twinning-induced plasticity steels Yang L.; Huang F.; Guo Z.; Rong Y.; Chen N. 2016, 21 (4):  406-410.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1739-7 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (287KB) ( 0 )   The spinodal composition zone in Al added Fe-Mn-Al-C twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels can be determined by contents of Al and C and aging temperature together, based on the thermodynamic analysis. Precipitation of ordered (FeMn)3AlC carbide by the mechanism of spinodal decomposition occurs in the C-rich and Al-rich zone with low aging temperature. Increase of aging temperature shrinks spinodal composition zone to the high Al and C contents. As a result, the precipitation of (FeMn)3AlC carbide alters from spinodal decomposition to classical nucleation-growth manner gradually. Further calculation indicates that the diffusion of Al can play a key role in determining the growth rate of (FeMn)3AlC carbide at high aging temperature. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of width-to-thickness ratio and thickness profile changing on the critical instable shape during cold strip rolling Song L.; Shen M.; Yang L.; Wang J.; Chen X. 2016, 21 (4):  411-418.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1740-1 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (946KB) ( 0 )   Based on the volume constancy with equal flow-per-second and elastic sheet stability theory, a coupling relationship among lateral thickness difference, width-to-thickness ratio of cold rolling strip steel under ideal and actual working conditions, and shape is concluded according to the comprehensive influence principle of various factors on the critical instable shape analyzed in-depth. Firstly, the influence model under actual working condition is developed by referring to the basic relationship between lateral thickness difference and shape under ideal condition. The test results prove that for thin strips with thickness below 0.3 mm, their lateral thickness differences have significant effect on the shape. After then, the combined influence of lateral thickness difference and width-to-thickness ratio on the critical instable shape is concluded according to the elastic sheet stability model, with the synthetic effect of these three factors analyzed. Test data indicate that for cold rolling strip steel with width-to-thickness ratio above 3 000, the critical instability stress difference decreases significantly. Actual measurements are conducted on the lateral thickness differences of two rolls of typical strip manufactured by a sixhigh cold mill, with the influence law of lateral thickness variation and width-to-thickness ratio comprehensively investigated. It is demonstrated that during the production of ultrathin strip steel with different width-to-thickness ratios, the loading roll shapes should be fine adjusted according to the lateral thickness difference of input strips. Therefore, the variation of lateral thickness difference of output strips can meet the requirement of shape stability, so as to obtain fine shape. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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A hybrid firefly algorithm for optimizing fractional proportional-integral-derivative controller in ship steering Xue H.; Shao Z.; Pan J.; Zhao Q.; Ma F. 2016, 21 (4):  419-423.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1741-0 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (385KB) ( 0 )   In this paper, a new algorithm which integrates the powerful firefly algorithm (FA) and the ant colony optimization (ACO) has been used in tracking control of ship steering for optimization of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller gains. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is also used to optimize FOPID controllers, and their performances are compared. It is found that FA optimized FOPID controller gives better performance than others. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to see the robustness of optimum FOPID gains obtained at nominal conditions to wide changes in system parameters, and the optimum FOPID gains need not be reset for wide changes in system parameters. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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A comprehensive evaluation method for kinematic accuracy of space manipulator based on analytic hierarchy process Xiang X.; Zhu X.; Shang X. 2016, 21 (4):  424-432.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1742-z Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (786KB) ( 0 )   The kinematic accuracy of space manipulator determines whether the spacecraft performs normally or not. Problems pertaining to structural deformation have received increased attention in recent times. In the space manipulator systems, flexible arms and joints can induce drastic dynamic instabilities. In applications such as the space station, kinematic error due to structural deformation can jointly affect the performance characteristics. And it is crucial for accuracy control of space manipulator to establish a precision index. Here we analyze the dynamics characteristic of flexible space manipulator considering the hysteresis of harmonic reducer based on method of nonconstraint boundary modal. For the sake of describing the output accuracy, we integrate the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish a comprehensive evaluation index. A numerical simulation is performed to analyze the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of space manipulator with harmonic reducer. With the analysis of accuracy assessment, the relation among the hysteresis angle, rigidity and output accuracy is revealed. Considering the elastic modulus of flexible space manipulator and the hysteresis angle of harmonic reducer, we conduct an evaluation of output characteristics of flexible space manipulator with the proposed comprehensive evaluation index. The accuracy evaluation of output characteristics based on the proposed comprehensive evaluation index is implemented in the initial stage of space manipulator’s design, which can not only solve the problems existing in the design but also save cost savings for ground tests. The results can be used in designing and optimizing future space manipulators, which may provide valuable references for design and thermal control of the space manipulator. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fault reconfiguration of shipboard power system based on triple quantum differential evolution algorithm Wang C.; Wang X.; Xiao J.; Chen J.; Zhang S. 2016, 21 (4):  433-442.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1743-y Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (427KB) ( 0 )   Fault reconfiguration of shipboard power system is viewed as a typical nonlinear and multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem. A comprehensive reconfiguration model is presented in this paper, in which the restored loads, switch frequency and generator efficiency are taken into account. In this model, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to determine the coefficients of these objective functions. Meanwhile, a quantum differential evolution algorithm with triple quantum bit code is proposed. This algorithm aiming at the characteristics of shipboard power system is different from the normal quantum bit representation. The individual polymorphic expression is realized, and the convergence performance can be further enhanced in combination with the global parallel search capacity of differential evolution algorithm and the superposition properties of quantum theory. The local optimum can be avoided by dynamic rotation gate. The validity of algorithm and model is verified by the simulation examples. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on launch dynamics of the tank marching fire Liu F.; Rui X.; Yu H.; Zhang J.; Zhou Q.; Zhu W. 2016, 21 (4):  443-449.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1744-x Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (506KB) ( 0 )   As an army main battle equipment, it is required that the tank should have high firing accuracy and high first round hit probability during marching. The initial disturbance of the projectile is the premier factor that takes effect on the marching fire accuracy of the tank. And the marching fire accuracy of the tank depends on the launch dynamics behaviors of the tank. In this paper, the launch dynamics theory of a tank marching fire is studied, and its launch dynamics model is established. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody system (MSTMM) and the automatic deduction theorem of overall transfer equations, the overall transfer equation and the overall transfer matrix of a tank multibody system are deduced; the launch dynamics equations of the tank marching fire are deduced, and the dynamic response of the tank system, the motion of projectile in barrel, the initial disturbance of the projectile and the vertical target dispersion are exactly simulated; meanwhile, the results of simulation are verified by tests. This work provides both theoretical foundation and simulation approaches for improving the marching fire accuracy of the tank. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of the type of the pulverized coal concentrator on the operation of a tangential fired boiler with horizontal bias combustion Guan X.; Zou X.; Sun S. 2016, 21 (4):  450-456.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1745-9 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (876KB) ( 0 )   In this paper, the problems of combustion instability and high-temperature corrosion of pulverized coal fired boiler are investigated by numerical simulation and analysis of the momentum moment. Elbow and twisting plate type of burners are used in the boiler, and the reverse moment of momentum is formed at the outlet of the fuel-rich side of the burner. The momentum moment in the boiler is opposite to the designed tangential circle, and the tangential circle in the boiler is reversed rotation. The reverse moment of momentum at the burner outlet can be eliminated by using louver horizontal bias pulverized coal burner, while the problems of combustion instability and high-temperature corrosion of the boiler are solved, and the combustion efficiency is improved. Accordingly, economic benefit is obviously got. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rigid-flex coupling modeling and simulation on multistage gear transmission system Zhou J.; Jia Y.; Liu X.; Fang B.; Xie W. 2016, 21 (4):  457-461.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1746-8 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 0 )   As multistage gear transmission systems are complex and precise, the flexibility of shaft can influence the dynamic response of system. In order to study dynamic response of the system, we build the rigid model of gear system and the finite element model of the gear shaft. The rigid-flex coupling model is established with the virtual prototype technology, and a contrast between rigid model and rigid-flex coupling model is constructed. With these methods, the dynamic responses with different rotation speeds and different loading magnitudes are examined. We also analyze the influence of shaft flexibility, rotation speeds and loading magnitudes on the vibration characteristics of gear transmission systems. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling the effect of environmental conditions on reliability of wind turbines Jiang R.; Huang R.; Huang C. 2016, 21 (4):  462-466.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1747-7 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (406KB) ( 0 )   The climate condition of a wind farm has a significant influence on the reliability of wind turbines. The climate condition varies with season in a year and hence the reliability changes in a complex way. The purpose of this paper is to model the effect of climate condition on field reliability of wind turbines. The reliability is measured by monthly-averaged mean time between failures (MTBF), and the climate conditions are described by variables of monthly-averaged temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. Referring to the physicsof- failure models in accelerated life testing (ALT), we develop a quantitative relation between the MTBF and the climate variables. For a set of field data, the model parameters are estimated by regression, and the insignificant variables are gradually deleted based on the P-value of the regression coefficients. The resulting model is useful for maintenance workload forecasting and preventive maintenance planning, and has a potential to be used in online failure prediction. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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A new hybrid reliability index definition and its application to the structure buckling reliability analysis of supercavitating projectiles Zhou L.; Li Z.; Han J.; Zhang N. 2016, 21 (4):  467-471.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1748-6 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (391KB) ( 0 )   As structure buckling problems easily arise when supercavitating projectiles operate with high underwater velocity, it is necessary to perform structure buckling reliability analysis. Now it is widely known that probabilistic and non-probabilistic uncertain information exists in engineering analysis. Based on reliability comprehensive index of multi-ellipsoid convex set, probabilistic uncertain information is added and transferred into non-probabilistic interval variable. The hybrid reliability is calculated by a combined method of modified limit step length iteration algorithm (MLSLIA) and Monte-Carlo method. The results of engineering examples show that the convergence of MLSLIA is better than that of limit step length iteration algorithm (LSLIA). Structure buckling hybrid reliability increases with the increase of ratio of base diameter to cavitator diameter, and decreases with the increase of initial launch velocity. Also the changes of uncertain degree of projectile velocity and cavitator drag coefficient affect structure buckling hybrid reliability index obviously. Therefore, uncertain degree of projectile velocity and cavitator drag coefficient should be controlled in project for high structure buckling reliability. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human reliability analysis method on armored vehicle system considering error correction Yi X.; Dong H.; Dong X.; Jiang J.; Zhang Z. 2016, 21 (4):  472-477.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1749-5 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (370KB) ( 0 )   Human reliability analysis (HRA) is an expansion of man-machine engineering. It is also a new multidisciplinary based on behavioral science, cognitive science, information processing, system analysis and probability statistics in order to analyze, predict, reduce and prevent human errors. Firstly, the quantitative analysis model of HRA is proposed based on Markov process theory by using human error probability (HEP) and error correction cycle (ECC) as parameters. And human reliability evaluation criterion is built. Then, the HRA process considering error correction is proposed based on cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM). Finally, according to the characteristics of armored vehicle system, common performance condition (CPC) in CREAM is improved. A reliability impact index is characterized by the overall contexts of tasks. Human reliability evaluation criterion of armored vehicle system is formulated. And the result of HRA is obtained based on the method presented in this paper. In addition, the relative weights are estimated by combining scale of 10/10—18/2 and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and the triangular fuzzy number considering confidence factor and optimism index is adopted in order to reduce the subjectivity. The analysis results show that the method presented in this paper is reasonable and feasible. Meantime, the method can provide guidance for human reliability analysis of other weapon systems. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bayesian reliability assessment and degradation modeling with calibrations and random failure threshold Huang J.; Kong D.; Cui L. 2016, 21 (4):  478-483.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1750-z Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (360KB) ( 0 )   A degradation model with a random failure threshold is presented for the assessment of reliability by the Bayesian approach. This model is different from others in that the degradation process is proceeding under pre-specified periodical calibrations. And here a random threshold distribution instead of a constant threshold which is difficult to determine in practice is used. The system reliability is defined as the probability that the degradation signals do not exceed the random threshold. Based on the posterior distribution estimates of degradation performance, two models for Bayesian reliability assessments are presented in terms of the degradation performance and the distribution of random failure threshold. The methods proposed in this paper are very useful and practical for multi-stage system with uncertain failure threshold. This study perfects the degradation modeling approaches and plays an important role in the remaining useful life estimation and maintenance decision making. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Wind turbine gearbox reliability analysis based on the system level stress-strength model Liu B.; An Z.; Kou H. 2016, 21 (4):  484-488.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1751-y Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (263KB) ( 0 )   In order to estimate the reliability of wind turbine gearbox based on the system level, a generalized stress-strength model is introduced. Considering that the system works properly under a variety of random stresses which affect every component, the total stress on the system is given by a known linear combination of the stresses of all components. Then the strength of the system can be viewed as a linear combination of the strengths of relative components. In this model, stress and strength are independent of each other. Reliability of the system is the probability that strength exceeds stress. Finally, the reliability of wind turbine gearbox is estimated by the multivariable reliability calculation method. The corresponding result is compared with the results of reliability in the extreme cases (completely dependent and completely independent) by the traditional evaluation method. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Binary decision diagram quantitative analysis method based on fuzzy set theory Yu L.; Jiang M.; Liu Z.; Li Y.; Huang H. 2016, 21 (4):  489-493.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1752-x Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (418KB) ( 0 )   A binary decision diagram (BDD) is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. Converting fault tree into BDD can effectively simplify counting processes and improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the results. However, due to various types of uncertainties in reliability data, we cannot obtain precise failure probabilities. In order to accurately quantify the certainties and obtain much more reliable results, we use BDD method based on fuzzy set theory for reliability quantitative analysis. In this regard, we take W-axis feeding system of heavy-duty computer numerical control (CNC) machine as a project example and adopt fuzzy BDD quantitative analysis method to analyze its reliability. The analysis results (aided by computer calculation) illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Topology optimization design and strength analysis of the hoist bracket for rescue helicopters Liu Z.; Wang L.; Xiong W. 2016, 21 (4):  494-498.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1753-9 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1276KB) ( 0 )   The hoist bracket links the rescue hoist with the helicopter cabin, and its structure design greatly affects the operation convenience and safety of the hoistman and lifeguard in the rescue process with a helicopter. This paper firstly builds the force model of the hoist and bracket, and gives five kinds of typical working conditions as the design ones of the bracket. Then this paper puts forward a design process of the hoist bracket based on the topology optimization and strength analysis with the 3D modeling and finite element analysis. This design process can make the bracket’s structure lightweight by achieving the optimal material layout under the conditions of maximizing the static stiffness or minimizing the compliance of the bracket. And this improves the dynamic performance of the helicopter, and reduces the fuel consumption and cost under the strength constraints. Finally, taking the design of the hoist bracket used in a rescue helicopter as an example, this paper illustrates the proposed model and method. The analysis results show that the mass of the hoist bracket decreases by 12.5% while the static stiffness of the hoist bracket is achieved. The optimization design results meet the strength requirements of the hoist. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Maintenance decision making model with multiple attribute optimization Cai Z.; Li Y.; Zhang S.; Zhou W. 2016, 21 (4):  499-503.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1754-8 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (217KB) ( 0 )   An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance plans. However, it is difficult to meet all requests of the production targets in practical engineering. The multiple attribute decision making for equipment maintenance is proposed in this paper, and the multiple objectives decision making method is utilized to solve the problem in the maintenance process. In the particular environment and resources, a case is studied to illustrate the model and methods. The model gives the optimal maintenance plan with the analytic hierarchy process method in accordance with the particular criteria. It has been proved that this model and decision methods are scientific and operable. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fault tree analysis of feeding control system for computer numerical control heavy-duty horizontal lathes with multiple common cause failure groups Mi J.; Li Y.; Peng W.; Yang Y.; Huang H. 2016, 21 (4):  504-508.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1755-7 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (393KB) ( 0 )   The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control (CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes (HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis (FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups (CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure (CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Memory based scheme to monitor non-random small shift patterns in manufacturing process Khan M.; Cui L. 2016, 21 (4):  509-512.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1756-6 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (216KB) ( 0 )   Consistent high-quality and defect-free production is the demand of the day. The product recall not only increases engineering and manufacturing cost but also affects the quality and the reliability of the product in the eye of users. The monitoring and improvement of a manufacturing process are the strength of statistical process control. In this article we propose a process monitoring memory-based scheme for continuous data under the assumption of normality to detect small non-random shift patterns in any manufacturing or service process. The control limits for the proposed scheme are constructed. The in-control and out-of-control average run length (AVL) expressions have been derived for the performance evaluation of the proposed scheme. Robustness to non-normality has been tested after simulation study of the run length distribution of the proposed scheme, and the comparisons with Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) schemes are presented for various gamma and t-distributions. The proposed scheme is effective and attractive as it has one design parameter which differentiates it from the traditional schemes. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations are made for the future work. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics