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31 October 2016, Volume 21 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Urban end distribution optimization under e-commerce environment Zhao C.; Hu H. 2016, 21 (5):  513-523.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1757-5 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 24 )   With the rapid development of e-commerce, urban end distribution plays more and more important role in e-commerce logistics. The collection and delivery points (CDPs), between online retailers and customers, provide a way to improve the service quality of urban end distribution. But it will be more difficult to obtain an optimal solution of urban end delivery plan when many CDPs joint a complicated delivery network, since the solution space is always too large for many traditional heuristic algorithms to search. In this paper, a two-stage optimization method based on geographic information system (GIS) and improved cooperative particle swarm optimization (CPSO) is proposed. This method takes full advantage of powerful network analysis of GIS and strong global search of CPSO. A new cooperative learning mechanism, global sub-swarm, local sub-swarm and normal sub-swarm (GS-LS-NS), is used to improve the search mode of CPSO. Finally, several experiments are conducted to show the better performance of GIS-CPSO, compared with single PSO, GIS-CPSO and ArcGIS (software of GIS) separately. The conclusion of this research is much useful and applicable for logistics service providers. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the high speed mono-wave-piercing boat Wei C.; Li Y.; Yu S.; Yi H. 2016, 21 (5):  524-529.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1758-4 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (1135KB) ( 24 )   Mono-wave-piercing boats adopt a tumblehome and wave-piercing design which is becoming popular among military vessels and yachts. Published studies on mono-wave-piercing boats mostly focused on motions and stability in waves, or were conducted at low speed. A new high speed mono-wave-piercing boat is developed in this study and model tests have been finished in order to reveal more sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats. Special attention is paid to the sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats at speed. Model tests include resistance tests in calm water and seakeeping performance tests in regular waves. Available model test results give an insight in the way how the mono-wave-piercing boat runs in calm water and regular waves at speed and are valuable reference for similar and derived design. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical investigation of characteristics of water-exit ventilated cavity collapse Qin N.; Lu C.; Li J. 2016, 21 (5):  530-540.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1759-3 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (2233KB) ( 25 )   The collapse of the ventilated cavitation occurring on a cylindrical vehicle during the water-exit is numerically researched. The numerical model employs the finite volume method to solve the multiphase Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RNNS) equations and uses the volume of fluid (VOF) method to capture the free surface. A practical water wave environment that the vehicle usually encounters is reproduced in a numerical wave flume, so that the water wave’s effect on the cavity collapse flow regime is investigated. The main feature of the waterexit collapse of a ventilated cavity is studied under the wave-free condition. The result indicates that a collapsing ventilated cavity experiences two stages, in which the pattern of cavity evolution is different. In the early stage, the cavity undergoes a rapid shrinkage as a closed body. In the late stage, the cavity releases gas from the front due to the increase of the cavity pressure. The water wave effect is investigated at three typical wave phases: the wave crest, the wave trough and the wave node. Results show that when the vehicle is launched under the wave node, the cavity collapse regime remains fairly axisymmetric and is similar to the wave-free case. However, when the vehicle is launched under the wave crest and trough, the cavity evolution presents highly three-dimensional (3D) features. The results of predicted cavity size, pressure distributions and hydrodynamic forces at different wave phases show that the wave effect is relatively weak at the wave node but becomes apparent at the wave crest and trough. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of temperature distribution in hot filament chemical vapor deposition diamond films growth on SiC seals Liu J.; Wang L.; Zhang J.; Shen B.; Sun F. 2016, 21 (5):  541-547.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1760-x Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (1871KB) ( 24 )   In this study, the temperature and gas velocity distributions in hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond film growth on the end surfaces of seals are simulated by the finite volume method. The influence of filament diameter, filament separation and rotational speed of the substrates is considered. Firstly, the simulation model is established by simplifying operating conditions to simulate the temperature and gas velocity distributions. Thereafter, the deposition parameters are optimized as 0.6mm filament diameter, 18mm filament separation and 5 r/min rotational speed to get the uniform temperature distribution. Under the influence of the rotational speed, the difference between temperature gradients along the directions perpendicular to the filament and parallel to the filament becomes narrow, it is consistent with the actual condition, and the maximum temperature difference on the substrates decreases to 7.4 ◦C. Furthermore, the effect of the rotational speed on the gas velocity distribution is studied. Finally, diamond films are deposited on the end surfaces of SiC seals with the optimized deposition parameters. The characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibit a layer of homogeneous diamond films with fine-faceted crystals and uniform thickness. The results validate the simulation model. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental research and optimization on the environmental friendly R1234yf refrigerant in automobile air conditioning system Shi J.; Liu C.; Hu J.; Zhao Y.; Chen J. 2016, 21 (5):  548-556.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1761-9 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 25 )   Currently, the refrigerant used in the automotive air conditioning system is R134a which has a high global warming potential (GWP) value, so people are eager to find a good replacement for it. According to recent studies, R1234yf is considered as one of the top candidates to replace R134a. In this article, the performances of R1234yf “drop-in” system and the optimization to the R1234yf system are experimentally studied and investigated. The expansion valve used for the R1234yf system is optimized by changing the charged fluid and adjusting the spring force. The results indicate that it can improve the performance of R1234yf system significantly through adjusting the thermostatic expansion valve. For the thermostatic expansion valves (TEVs) charged with R134a in thermal bulb, the system performance is optimal. Compared to the original expansion valve, for the R1234yf system applying the adjusted expansion valves, under different working conditions the cooling capacity increases by 11.3% averagely and the coefficient of performance (COP) increases by 8% averagely. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental exploration of electrical pulse-assisted roller hemming of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet Xie H.; Liu K.; Wang Q.; Peng F.; Fang L.; Dong X.; Wang J. 2016, 21 (5):  557-561.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1762-8 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (2334KB) ( 24 )   The purpose of this research is to explore the feasibility of roller hemming of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. During the test, a special experimental setup considering the current flow and insulation was designed and employed. For the sake of simplicity, the flat surface-straight edge hemming style was selected. Electrical pulses were introduced in the pre-hemming and final hemming processes. The results show that when hemming at 448 K with hemming speed of 30 mm/min, AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet was successfully hemmed with excellent perceived quality. No recoil/warp defect, cracking or springback was observed. Electrical pulses induced dynamic recrystallized grains were observed along the grain boundaries in the severely deformed area, which is of great importance to the improvement of the ductility of the material. The hardness was slightly increased after hemming with electrical pulses, and this fact could improve the friction resistance performance of the hemmed part. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the capabilities of yield functions on describing the deformation behavior of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet under combined loading paths Wang H.; Liu Y.; Chen Z.; Wan M.; Nie H. 2016, 21 (5):  562-568.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1763-7 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (450KB) ( 24 )   The combined loading tests of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet are used to verify the yield function. Three yield functions are implemented into the commercial finite element model (FEM) code ABAQUS as a user material subroutine UMAT for the FEM simulation of the combined loading tests. The comparison of the simulating and experimental results shows that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can describe the mechanical behavior of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet under combined loading paths reasonably while other three yield functions do not. The performance of the modified Yld2000-2d yield function on describing the mechanical behavior under combined loading paths is analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can be adopted to describe the deformation behavior of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet for industrial applications. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combustion optimization model for NOx reduction with an improved particle swarm optimization Li Q.; Zhou K.; Yao G. 2016, 21 (5):  569-575.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1764-6 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (471KB) ( 25 )   Abstract: This paper focuses on the combustion optimization to cut down NOxemission with a new strategy. Firstly, orthogonal experimental design (OED) and chaotic sequences are introduced to improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then, a predicting model for NOxemission is established on support vector machine (SVM) whose parameters are optimized by the improved PSO. Afterwards, a new optimization model considering coal quantity and air quantity along with the traditional optimization variables is established. At last, the operating parameters are optimized by the improved PSO to cut down the NOxemission. An application on 600MW unit shows that the new optimization model can cut down NOxemission effectively and maintain the load balance well. The NOxemission optimized by the improved PSO is lowest among some state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms. This study can provide important guides for the low NOxcombustion in the power plant. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Robust principal component analysis via truncated nuclear norm minimization Zhang Y.; Guo J.; Zhao J.; Wang B. 2016, 21 (5):  576-583.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1765-5 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (883KB) ( 24 )   Robust principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used in many applications, such as image processing, data mining and bioinformatics. The existing methods for solving the robust PCA are mostly based on nuclear norm minimization. Those methods simultaneously minimize all the singular values, and thus the rank cannot be well approximated in practice. We extend the idea of truncated nuclear norm regularization (TNNR) to the robust PCA and consider truncated nuclear norm minimization (TNNM) instead of nuclear norm minimization (NNM). This method only minimizes the smallest N − r singular values to preserve the low-rank components, where N is the number of singular values and r is the matrix rank. Moreover, we propose an effective way to determine r via the shrinkage operator. Then we develop an effective iterative algorithm based on the alternating direction method to solve this optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the TNNM method. Moreover, this method is much more robust in terms of the rank of the reconstructed matrix and the sparsity of the error. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Non-probabilistic reliability research on multi-variable hydraulic turbine blade model Pang Y.; Zhang X.; Huang H.; Lai X. 2016, 21 (5):  584-587.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1766-4 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (142KB) ( 24 )   Based on the interval mathematics and possibility theory, the variables existing in hydraulic turbine blade are described. Considering the multi-failure mode in turbine blade, multi-variable model is established to meet the actual situation. Thus, non-probabilistic reliability index is presented by comparing with the output range and the given range. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on network maintenance strategy selection based on analytic hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution algorithm Xia W.; Shi Q.; Wang F.; Ge H.; Chen C. 2016, 21 (5):  588-593.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1767-3 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (230KB) ( 24 )   Network maintenance strategy selection is a multi-objective decision making topic. It mostly depends on the uncertainty and fuzziness of decision makers and conditions. In this paper, based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), TOPSIS partial order method is proposed to choose the optimal maintenance strategy. This method uses AHP to determine the weights of evaluation indexes. The optimal maintenance strategy choice is given as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on simulation modeling and evaluation of equipment maintenance Pang S.; Jia Y.; Liu X.; Deng Y. 2016, 21 (5):  594-599.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1768-2 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (373KB) ( 24 )   Aiming at the actual demand for the maintenance support of new general equipments, this paper analyzes the structure and circulation of maintenance support system, builds the simulation model of running process by entity flow chart method, and constructs the basic frame of the simulation model. The generating method of random variables and the advancing process of the simulation clock are described, and the accurate prediction of maintenance equipment is realized. Moreover, the material readiness rate is analyzed in statistics objective to evaluate the simulation result. The research is of significance for improving the efficiency of equipment maintenance and the promotion of material readiness rate. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling on spare parts inventory control under condition based maintenance strategy Wang Y.; Gu H.; Zhao J.; Cheng Z. 2016, 21 (5):  600-604.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1769-1 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (282KB) ( 24 )   In order to optimize the spare parts inventory, we present a decision-making model under condition based maintenance policy for a single equipment system subjected to continuous and random deterioration. Firstly, a probability model of the spare parts support is established, according to the requirement of a predetermined probability of stockout. It can determine the optimal spare parts stock level. Secondly, the spare parts ordering decision is made according to the equipment deterioration level, and it can optimize the spare parts ordering. The objectives of this model are to minimize the spare parts inventory, and the expected total operating cost. Thirdly, a numerical example is given to illustrate this model. The results prove that the optimal preventive maintenance threshold obtained from the proposed model can satisfy the spare parts support requirements. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Imprecise reliability assessment for heavy numerical control machine tools against small sample size problem Liu Z.; Li Y.; Huang H. 2016, 21 (5):  605-610.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1770-8 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (325KB) ( 24 )   Small sample size problem is one of the main problems that heavy numerical control (NC) machine tools encounter in their reliability assessment. In order to deal with the small sample size problem, many indirect reliability data such as reliability data of similar products, expert opinion, and engineers’ experience are used in reliability assessment. However, the existing mathematical theories cannot simultaneously process the above reliability data of multiple types, and thus imprecise probability theory is introduced. Imprecise probability theory can simultaneously process multiple reliability data by quantifying multiple uncertainties (stochastic uncertainty, fuzzy uncertainty, epistemic uncertainty, etc.) together. Although imprecise probability theory has so many advantages, the existing natural extension models are complex and the computation result is imprecise. Therefore, they need some improvement for the better application of reliability engineering. This paper proposes an improved imprecise reliability assessment method by introducing empirical probability distributions to natural extension model, and the improved natural extension model is applied to the reliability assessment of heavy NC machine tool spindle to illustrate its effectiveness. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gearbox device failure mode criticality analysis based on support vector machine Li Y.; Li J.; Qin Q. 2016, 21 (5):  611-614.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1771-7 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (310KB) ( 24 )   A method which integrates expert evaluation method and support vector machine (SVM) method is introduced for failure mode criticality analysis (FMCA) about the gearbox device. An expert evaluation standard is built by using expert evaluation method. The experts make scores about the gearbox failure mode. In order to overcome the subjectivity of expert evaluation method, we use SVM method to make a comprehensive prediction about the scores. According to the comprehensive prediction evaluation results, the FMCA of the gearbox device can be obtained. The analysis shows that the method used in this paper not only can effectively solve the problem which is unable to get specific failure rate in the qualitative analysis, but also can solve the problem which needs lots of data in the quantitative analysis. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability analysis of multi-state repairable system with dynamic transition probabilities Gu Y.; Chen J.; Cheng Z.; Hu K. 2016, 21 (5):  615-620.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1772-6 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (521KB) ( 24 )   Inadequate maintenance decisions lead to incremental overall costs. In order to minimize costs in maintenance of the multi-state repairable system, we model a preventive maintenance (PM) scheme of the multistate repairable system using non-Markov process. The periodically decreasing reliability model of the non-Markov dynamic system with dynamic transition probabilities is established to satisfy the probability change. The diesel engine system is taken as an example to illustrate the model. The reliability of the diesel engine is analyzed and its PM scheme is worked out. RENO software is used to simulate the diesel engine system. The maintenance cost of components and the optimal PM interval data of the system are obtained by using the minimal average cost as the objective function. The adaptability of PM is judged, and the optimal PM scheme is presented. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Online fault diagnosis of modern process industry system based on color-spectrum Gao X.; Gao J.; Sun K.; Gao Z. 2016, 21 (5):  621-628.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1773-5 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (5221KB) ( 24 )   This paper proposes a new method to diagnose the system fault of the process industry based on the monitor data set of distributed control system (DCS). Firstly, it defines a homeomorphism product space named color phase space which is a Cartesian product of two-dimensional Euclidean space and three-dimensional color phase space. Secondly, it maps the DCS data to the color phase space in order to get a system color-spectrum which displays the inherent relationship of the whole system. Then, it diagnoses the system fault by observing the color change on the color-spectrum depending on the physiological characteristics that human’s eyes are more sensitive for the color change than data change. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary design of pressure torque separation sensor for drilling bit Wu J.; Li G.; Qin D. 2016, 21 (5):  629-634.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1774-4 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (1292KB) ( 24 )   The working state of drilling bit is a critical issue in the drilling process. The preliminary design of pressure and torque separation sensor for drilling bit is expatiated herein. The sensor unit is composed of the elastic unit and the Wheatstone full bridge. Under composited load, the theoretical analysis about separating the axial force and torque of drilling bit is discussed firstly. The separation has been achieved by using the Wheatstone full bridge pasted onto the elastic unit. Then the transversal and axial strains distribution of elastic unit has been calculated and analyzed by ANSYS software, when the bit is under axial force and torque. Based on the calculation and analysis results, the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor’s whole measurement chain can be reckoned. Meanwhile, the calculation and analysis results can also give good suggestion about the positions where the strains gauge should be pasted. Finally, it has been proved that this solution can meet the preset requirements very well. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability analysis of electrical system of computer numerical control machine tool based on bayesian networks Huang T.; Yan J.; Jiang M.; Peng W.; Huang H. 2016, 21 (5):  635-640.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-016-1775-3 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (518KB) ( 24 )   The core of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool is the electrical system which controls and coordinates every part of CNC machine tool to complete processing tasks, so it is of great significance to strengthen the reliability of the electrical system. However, the electrical system is very complex due to many uncertain factors and dynamic stochastic characteristics when failure occurs. Therefore, the traditional fault tree analysis (FTA) method is not applicable. Bayesian network (BN) not only has a unique advantage to analyze nodes with multiply states in reliability analysis for complex systems, but also can solve the state explosion problem properly caused by Markov model when dealing with dynamic fault tree (DFT). In addition, the forward causal reasoning of BN can get the conditional probability distribution of the system under considering the uncertainty; the backward diagnosis reasoning of BN can recognize the weak links in system, so it is valuable for improving the system reliability. © 2016, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Related Articles | Metrics