Traveling Wave Fault Location Technology for Distribution Networks Based on Tunneling Magnetoresistance Current Sensors

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.382

Abstract

Abstract:

Existing traveling wave (TW) location devices in distribution networks often struggle to accurately detect fault transient traveling waves, resulting in significant location errors. To address this issue, this paper proposes a TW fault location method based on tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) current sensors and develops a prototype. First, a TMR-based current measurement method is proposed. Comparative experiments on wide-band transient signal current measurements are conducted, and a compact intelligent TMR sensor with edge computing capabilities is developed to precisely capture fault transient signals. Then, distributed sensors are installed in the distribution network to measure transient current signals. An improved empirical mode decomposition method is employed to reduce noise interference. Subsequently, the energy values of decomposed signals are calculated, and the arrival time of the traveling wavefront is accurately calibrated to achieve precise fault location. Finally, results from simulation and full-scale tests on a 10 kV distribution network demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for accurate fault location, while the sensor devices are easy to install and have significant engineering value.

Key words: fault location, traveling wave (TW), tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), wideband, transient signal

CLC Number:

TM764
TM932

BI Lanxi, ZENG Xiangjun, YU Kun, BAI Hao, YAO Ruotian, LIU Yipeng. Traveling Wave Fault Location Technology for Distribution Networks Based on Tunneling Magnetoresistance Current Sensors[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(7): 1173-1182.

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测试项目	实际电流/A	频率/Hz	TMR传感器测量值/A	传统互感器测量值/A
工频电流精度测试	200.5	50	200.1	199.7
	400.1	50	399.3	399.7
	600.6	50	600.1	600.1
宽频电流精度测试	5.010	0.1	5.003	0
	4.982	1×10³	4.958	2.565
	0.960	1×10⁶	0.931	0.100
暂态脉冲精度测试	2.03		2.00	1.45
	4.05		4.02	2.95
	5.97		5.95	4.48

中性点接地方式	故障类型	定位结果/m	定位误差/m
不接地	经25 Ω过渡电阻接地	1081.0	41.0
	经1 kΩ过渡电阻接地	976.1	-63.9
	弧光接地	987.2	-52.8
经消弧线圈接地	经25 Ω过渡电阻接地	990.3	-49.7
	经1 kΩ过渡电阻接地	1099.3	59.3
	弧光接地	927.7	-112.3