Abstract: The architecture of cyber-physical system (CPS) plays a fundamental role in the future world. The basic architecture of human-in-the-loop CPS was introduced. A key problem of how to achieve cooperation in human-machine CPS was proposed. However, it is necessary to integrate multi-disciplinary methods such as information, computing, and control to achieve collaboration from the perspective of the system theory.

Key words: cyber-physical system (CPS), human-machine cooperation