极限海况下6 MW单柱型浮式风力机耦合动力响应

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.140

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了实现单柱型浮式风力机在中等深度海域的实际规模应用，以新型6 MW单柱型浮式风力机为研究对象，在极限海况下对风力机的生存能力进行模型试验和数值模拟．模型试验采用缩尺比为1∶65.3的模型在上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室进行，得到风力机的六自由度运动响应、锚泊系统的受力情况以及危险受力点的受力情况．通过数值模拟软件对风力机的时域耦合运动响应进行了仿真计算．对数值模拟和模型试验的数据进行时域和频域分析，结果表明：数值模拟与模型试验结果最大偏差小于12%，吻合良好；风力机运功响应的能量主要集中在低频和波浪频率处；整个浮式风力机系统在极限海况下可可靠生存．通过数据分析对风力机的载荷极限状态进行了预报，为结构强度计算提供必要的理论依据和计算参数．

关键词: 海上浮式风力机, 模型试验, 数值模拟, 耦合动力响应, 极限载荷预报

Abstract:

To realize the practical scale application of the spar-type floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) in the medium depth sea areas, a novel 6 MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine is analyzed by model test and numerical simulation under extreme conditions. The response of main freedom degrees, the mooring tense and the stress at the danger point are explored by a 1∶65.3 scale model at the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering in Shanghai JiaoTong University. Coupled motion response of the spar-type floating wind turbine is calculated by using numerical simulation software in time domain. The results of the numerical simulation and model test are compared and analyzed in time and frequency domain. The maximum deviation between numerical simulation and model test is less than 12%, which shows that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the model test results. The dynamic response energy of the FOWT is mainly concentrated at low frequency and wave frequency. Moreover, the whole FOWT system has an excellent survivability under extreme conditions. Finally, the ultimate load of the wind turbine is predicted, which provides the necessary theoretical basis and calculation parameters for the structural strength calculation.

Key words: floating offshore wind turbine, model test, numerical simulation, coupled dynamic response, prediction of ultimate load

中图分类号:

P751
TM614

阳杰, 何炎平, 孟龙, 赵永生, 吴浩宇. 极限海况下6 MW单柱型浮式风力机耦合动力响应[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(1): 21-31.

YANG Jie, HE Yanping, MENG Long, ZHAO Yongsheng, WU Haoyu. Coupled Dynamic Response on a 6 MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Under Extreme Conditions[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(1): 21-31.

图/表 21

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

表3

图7

表4

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

表5

参考文献 16

[1]	王涵，胡志强. 海洋浮式风机耦合动力性能的研究技术与进展[J]. 船舶与海洋工程，2018, 34(1): 7-14.
	WANG Han, HU Zhiqiang. Research technique and development of coupled dynamic performance of offshore floating wind turbines[J]. Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2018, 34(1): 7-14.
[2]	孟龙，何炎平，赵永生，等. 海上风力机模型试验平台与技术研究及实践[J].中国科学：物理学力学天文学，2017, 47(10): 95-104.
	MENG Long, HE Yanping, ZHAO Yongsheng, et al. Research and practice of offshore wind turbine model test platform and technology[J]. Scientia Sinica Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica, 2017, 47(10): 95-104.
[3]	JONKMAN J M. Definition of the floating system for phase IV of OC3[R]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. DOI: 10.2172/979456.
[4]	JONKMAN J M. Dynamics modeling and loads analysis of an offshore floating wind turbine[R]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. DOI: 10.2172/921803.
[5]	JONKMAN J M, MUSIAL W. Offshore code comparison collaboration (OC3) for IEA wind task 23 offshore wind technology and deployment[R]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. DOI: 10.2172/1004009.
[6]	ZHAO Y S, YANG J M, HE Y P, et al. Coupled dynamic response analysis of a multi-column tension-leg-type floating wind turbine[J]. China Ocean Engineering, 2016, 30(4): 505-520.
[7]	唐友刚，李嘉文，曹菡，等. 新型海上风机浮式平台运动的频域分析[J]. 天津大学学报，2013, 46(10): 879-884.
	TANG Yougang, LI Jiawen, CAO Han, et al. Frequency domain analysis of motion of floating platform for offshore wind turbine[J]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2013, 46(10): 879-884.
[8]	马钰. 单柱式浮式风机动力性能机理研究[D]. 上海：上海交通大学，2014.
	MA Yu. Research on dynamic analysis for a spar type offshore floating wind turbine[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2014.
[9]	杜炜康，赵永生，王明超，等. 浮式风力机模型试验叶片气动力性能计算与优化[J]. 太阳能学报，2014, 35(10): 1923-1929.
	DU Weikang, ZHAO Yongsheng, WANG Mingchao, et al. Aerodynamic analysis and optimization of mo-del test blade for floating wind turbine[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2014, 35(10): 1923-1929.
[10]	郭子伟，何炎平，赵永生，等. 基于性能相似的浮式风力机水池模型试验叶片设计方法研究[J]. 大连理工大学学报，2018, 58(1): 50-56.
	GUO Ziwei, HE Yanping, ZHAO Yongsheng, et al. Blade design method research of floating wind turbine basin model test based on matched performance[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2018, 58(1): 50-56.
[11]	陈哲，何炎平，孟龙，等. 基于气动相似的浮式风力机模型叶片快速设计方法[J]. 可再生能源，2019, 37(2): 261-266.
	CHEN Zhe, HE Yanping, MENG Long, et al. Ra-pid design method of floating offshore wind turbine model blade based on aerodynamic similarity[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2019, 37(2): 261-266.
[12]	MENG L, ZHOU T, HE Y P, et al. Concept design and coupled dynamic response analysis on 6-MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine[J]. China Ocean Engineering, 2017, 31(5): 567-577.
[13]	MENG L, HE Y P, ZHOU T, et al. Research on dynamic response characteristics of 6 MW spar-type floating offshore wind turbine[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2018, 23(4): 505-514.
[14]	TORE HORDVIK. Design analysis and optimisation of mooring system for floating wind turbines[D]. Trondheim, Norway: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2011.
[15]	BAE Y H. Development of a dynamic mooring module FEAM for FAST v8[D]. College Station, the United States: Texas A&M University, 2014.
[16]	STANDRAD O. Design of offshore wind turbine structures [M]. Norway: DNV, 2016.

系统	参数	数值
系统	参数	实型值	模型值
风轮	额定功率/MW	6	2.67×10^－6
	叶片长度/m	78	1.19
	轮毂半径/m	2.35	0.036
	轮毂中心高度/m	100	1.53
塔筒	塔筒高度/m	83.8	1.28
	塔筒顶部直径/m	4.8	0.07
	塔筒底部直径/m	8	0.12
Spar平台	设计水深/m	100	1.53
	设计吃水/m	76	1.16
	平台长度/m	89	1.36
	平台重心 (包括压载)/m	－62.3	－0.95
	平台浮心/m	－41.2	－0.63
	锚链总长/m	400	6.13
锚泊系统	初始躺底长度/m	212.9	3.26
	锚链轴向刚度/m	801 692.19	2.88
	锚链破坏力/kN	11 981	0.043

参数	实际值	模型值
平均风速/(m·s^－1)	49	0
表层流速/( m·s^－1)	2	0.247
浪流方向/(°)	0	0
有义波高/m	14.4	0.221
谱峰周期/s	13.3	1.646
波形谱参数	2.4	2.4

参数	比例因子	参数	比例因子
L_s/L_m	λ		λ^－1/2
V_s/V_m	λ^1/2	T_s/T_m	λ^1/2
a_s/a_m	1	f_s/f_m	λ^－1/2
?_s/?_m	1	F_s/F_m	γλ³
A_s/A_m	λ²	M_s/M_m	γλ⁴
▽_s/▽_m	λ³	E_s/E_m	λ
ρ_s/ρ_m	γ	T_s/T_m	λ⁴
Δ_s/Δ_m	γλ³	P_s/P_m	λ^7/2

自由度	固有周期/s
自由度	试验值	数值模拟值
纵荡	73.4	73.1
横荡	73.4	73.1
垂荡	25.9	25.1
横摇	42.9	42.4
纵摇	41.1	42.4
艏摇	11.8	11.1

方法	F/kN	F_T/kN	M/(kN·m)	M_Z/(kN·m)	P/(°)
模型试验	1 306	2 618	6 389	965	8.59
数值模拟	1 306	2 224	6 852	3 520	6.82
模型试验	1 296	2 645	6 638	3 538	8.52
数值模拟	1 267	2 462	6 115	－2 159	7.15
模型试验	146	－42	9 049	－1 584	－0.01
数值模拟	143	－50	8 623	－1 831	－0.01
模型试验	－323	－875	6 018	－5 644	－0.11
数值模拟	－388	－1 053	6 131	－5 357	－0.21
模型试验	1 028	2 092	6 341	－2 800	9.18
数值模拟	954	1 802	6 125	－3 047	7.62