电动飞机轻量化推进系统可靠性分配方法

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.425

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对电动飞机电推进系统轻量化与高可靠性之间的矛盾,首次提出一种考虑轻量化约束的可靠性分配方法.构建质量与可靠性之间的解析表达,以此为约束考虑电动飞机运行工况的不确定性,提出基于典型飞行剖面的“质量-可靠性”多场景均衡优化方法,实现了可靠性约束下的质量最轻和质量约束下的可靠性最高.以“创新精神”号电动飞机为例,所提方法可在保证系统可靠性的同时,通过对各子系统的可靠性分配,将电动飞机推进系统总质量减轻3.5%;通过设计不同场景验证所提方法的有效性,为电动飞机高功重比发展提供技术支撑.

关键词: 可靠性, 轻量化, 不确定性, 电推进系统, 电动飞机

Abstract:

In order to solve the contradiction between lightweight and high reliability in the electric aircraft electric propulsion system, a reliability allocation method considering lightweight constraint is proposed for the first time. An analytical expression between weight and reliability is integrated into the electric propulsion system design model as constraints, and a flexible “weight-reliability” optimization method is proposed, considering the uncertainty of the operating conditions of electric aircraft. This method achieves minimum weight under reliability constraints and maximum reliability under weight constraints. Taking the “Spirit of Innovation” electric aircraft as an example, the results show that the proposed method can reduce the total weight of the power system of the electric aircraft by 3.5% while ensuring the reliability of the system. The applicability of the proposed method is verified in different scenarios designed, providing technical support for the development of high power-to-weight ratio in electric aircrafts.

Key words: reliability, lightweight, uncertainty, electric propulsion system, electric aircraft

中图分类号:

TM921

李靖豪, 李然, 华浩, 黄文焘, 高飞, 邰能灵. 电动飞机轻量化推进系统可靠性分配方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(6): 867-876.

LI Jinghao, LI Ran, HUA Hao, HUANG Wentao, GAO Fei, TAI Nengling. Reliability Allocation Method for Electric Aircraft Lightweight Propulsion System[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(6): 867-876.

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名称	参数
最大起飞质量/kg	1 250
电芯	18650电池
航程/km	290
电芯容量/(A·h)	3
电芯电压/V	3.7
电芯质量/g	48
电池包	18组,每组10p36s
电池	72 kW·h/474 kg
电动机×3	133 kW/66.67 kg ×3
逆变器×3	133 kW/25 kg×3
DC/DC×3	133 kW/30 kg×3
升阻比	10
空载质量/kg	1 000
机翼面积/m²	18
升力系数	约0.33
阻力系数	约0.03
最大推力/N	8 000

部件	失效率×10⁶	质量/kg
轴承与轴	0.1630	7.5
绕组	0.3408	12.5
其他(磁钢、铁芯机壳等)	<0.01	47

参数	个数	失效率×10⁶	质量/kg
稳压电容	2	0.2	1.6
一次侧IGBT	4	0.4	0.3
变压器	1	0.53	1.2
二次侧IGBT	4	0.71	0.3
其他		<0.01	26.6

参数	个数	失效率×10⁶	质量/kg
稳压电容	8	0.099	0.25
IGBT模块	4	0.68	0.10
LCL滤波器	1	0.74	0.50
其他		<0.01	24.15

名称	质量/kg	优化前可靠度
电池	474	0.9967
DC/DC	30×3	0.9834
逆变器	25×3	0.9607
电动机	66.67×3	0.9951
系统	839	0.9864