带喷射器的跨临界CO2车用空调系统实验研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2020.061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在焓差实验室中研制了一套车用二氧化碳(CO₂)喷射制冷空调系统，在标准汽车空调性能实验台上对不同工况参数下的CO₂制冷系统性能进行评估，并对比分析了CO₂喷射制冷系统的性能优势．研究结果表明：车用CO₂喷射制冷空调系统制冷量与车用CO₂常规制冷系统制冷量相当；增大室内侧风量与提高压缩机转速能够有效提升CO₂喷射制冷系统的制冷量，喷射器在不同工况下能够提升系统能效比(COP) 1.65%～12.60%；室外温度对车用CO₂喷射制冷系统的性能影响显著，该系统在高温环境下会出现明显的性能衰减．

关键词: 二氧化碳, 喷射器, 跨临界循环, 汽车空调, 性能

Abstract:

A carbon dioxide(CO₂) ejector expansion air conditioning system for vehicles is developed in a calorimeter laboratory. In experimental tests on a standard mobile air conditioning bench, the effects of different operating parameters on the performance of the CO₂ refrigeration system for vehicles are studied, and the performance advantages of the CO₂ ejector expansion refrigeration system are comparatively analyzed. The research results show that the cooling capacity of the CO₂ ejector expansion refrigeration system for vehicles is almost equal to that of the CO₂ conventional cooling system. Both increasing the indoor air flow rate and increasing the compressor speed can effectively increase the cooling capacity of the CO₂ ejector expansion refrigeration system, and the ejector can increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system by 1.65% to 12.60% under different working conditions. The outdoor temperature has a great impact on the CO₂ ejector expansion refrigeration system performance, and the performance of CO₂ ejector expansion refrigeration system for vehicles decays obviously at a high ambient temperature.

Key words: carbon dioxide(CO₂), ejector, trans-critical cycle, mobile air conditioning, performance

中图分类号:

TB657

李浩, 张振宇, 宋霞, 陈江平. 带喷射器的跨临界CO₂车用空调系统实验研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(2): 179-187.

LI Hao, ZHANG Zhenyu, SONG Xia, CHEN Jiangping. Experimental Study of a Trans-Critical CO₂ Mobile Air Conditioning System with an Ejector[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(2): 179-187.

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参考文献 22

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零部件名称	关键参数
压缩机	排量：6 mL/r；转速范围：1 800～6 000 r/min
气冷器	铝制；微通道扁管换热器；尺寸：600 mm (宽)×450 mm (高)×12 mm (厚)
蒸发器	铝制；微通道扁管换热器；尺寸：300 mm (宽)×250 mm (高)×30 mm (厚)
膨胀阀	步进电机驱动；阀口直径1.2 mm
喷射器	混合段及扩压段铜制，喉部不锈钢；喉部直径：1.00 mm；主喷嘴内孔直径：6 mm，长度：8 mm；扩张段倾角：1.72°，表面粗糙度：1.6 μm
气液分离器	不锈钢；内容积：800 cm³
中间换热器	铜制；同轴管式；长度：1.2 m

测量参数	测量仪器	测量范围	精度
温度	Pt-100热电阻	200～350 ℃	±0.2 ℃
压力	压力传感器	0～20 MPa	±0.5%
CO₂流量	Coriolis流量计	0～600 kg/h	±0.15%
压缩机功耗	数字功率计	0～20 kW	±0.5%

序号	V_in/(m³·h^－1)	T_out/℃	n/(r·min^－1)	s₁/%	s₂/%
1	250～650	35	4 200	68	100
2	450	30～40	4 200	68	100
3	450	35	3 000～6 000	68	100
4	450	35	4 200	64～77	64～100

带喷射器的跨临界CO₂车用空调系统实验研究

Experimental Study of a Trans-Critical CO₂ Mobile Air Conditioning System with an Ejector

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