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29 October 2011, Volume 16 Issue 5    Next Issue
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Time-Varying Delay and Quantization Error LI Bin (李 斌), WAN Yi-ming (万一鸣), YE Hao (叶 昊) 2011, 16 (5):  513-518.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1181-9 Abstract ( 1969 )   PDF (303KB) ( 3085 )   Abstract:  Problems related to fault detection of networked control systems (NCSs) with both uncertain time-varying delay and quantization error are studied in this paper. A novel model with the form of polytopic uncertainty is given to represent the influences of both the time-varying delay and the quantization error, and then the reference model based method is used to design the residual generator that is robust to both unknown network-induced delay and unknown inputs. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the merits of the presented method. The proposed method can be regarded as an extension of the authors' former work, which can only deal with time-varying delay. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Looper-Tension  H∞ Control for Hot Strip Finishing Mills WANG Jing-cheng (王景成), ZHONG Zhao-zhun (仲兆准) 2011, 16 (5):  519-523.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1188-2 Abstract ( 2570 )   Abstract:  The development of an innovative H∞ controller for looper and tension control in hot strip finishing mills is traced based on approximately linearized model. This solution has been considered thanks to its well-known robustness and simplicity characteristics concerning disturbances' attenuation. The controller is designed based on an optimal problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints, and the problem is solved by the mincx function of Matlab LMI Toolbox. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller compared with conventional ones. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Improved Approaches to Bayes Risk Decoding XU Hai-hua (徐海华), ZHU Jie (朱 杰) 2011, 16 (5):  524-529.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1189-1 Abstract ( 1860 )   Abstract:  Bayes risk (BR) decoding methods have been widely investigated in the speech recognition area due to its flexibility and complexity compared with the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method regarding to minimum word error (MWE) optimization. This paper investigates two improved approaches to the BR decoding, aiming at minimizing word error. The novelty of the proposed methods is shown in the explicit optimization of the objective function, the value of which is calculated by an improved forward algorithm on the lattice. However, the result of the first method is obtained by an expectation maximization (EM) like iteration, while the result of the second one is achieved by traversing the confusion network (CN), both of which lead to an optimized objective function value with distinct approaches. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methods result in an error reduction for lattice rescoring, compared with the traditional CN method for lattice rescoring. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficient Democratic Group Signatures with Threshold Traceability HE Guo-feng 1(何国锋), LI Xiang-xue 2(李祥学), LI Qiang 3(李 强), ZHENG Dong 3(郑 东) 2011, 16 (5):  530-532.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1182-8 Abstract ( 1633 )   Abstract:  Democratic group signature (DGS) is a group-oriented primitive with great flexibilities, i.e., no group manager, anonymity, and traceability. In a DGS scheme with (t, n)-threshold traceability, any subset of not less than t members can jointly reveal the identity of the signer while preserving security even in the presence of an active adversary can corrupt up to t-1 group members. This paper proposes an efficient DGS scheme. We use publicly verifiable secret sharing (PVSS) to distribute the trapdoor via which the real signer is revealed. The computation cost and communication overhead of our DGS signatures are greatly reduced, compared with the existing work. For example, the size of the resulting signature contains only 2n+1 elements of  Zq, except the PVSS output. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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External Equality and Absolute Equality Coincide in Finite CCS and π Calculus Without Summation JIN Yun (金 云) 2011, 16 (5):  533-537.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1183-7 Abstract ( 1701 )   Abstract:  External equality and absolute equality are defined model independently by Fu. It is interesting and important to know whether these two equalities coincide or not. There are some results in Fu's paper for this issue. It is relatively easy to prove the coincidence if the summation operator is in the language, otherwise it is harder. In fact Fu proposed it as an open problem whether the two equalities coincide in some languages without summation. In this paper, the proofs of the coincidence in finite CCS and π calculus without summation are given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Viewpoint Manipulation for Interactive Television by Using Human Pose Estimation TONG Ming-lei (仝明磊) 2011, 16 (5):  538-542.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1184-6 Abstract ( 1374 )   Abstract:  In current interactive television schemes, the viewpoints should be manipulated by the user. However, there is no efficient method, to assist a user in automatically identifying and tracking the optimum viewpoint when the user observes the object of interest because many objects, most often humans, move rapidly and frequently. This paper proposes a novel framework for determining and tracking the virtual camera to best capture the front of the person of interest (PoI). First, one PoI is interactively chosen in a segmented 3D scene reconstructed by space carving method. Second, key points of the human torso of the PoI are detected by using a model-based method and the human's global motion including rotation and translation is estimated by using a close-formed method with 3 corresponding points. At the last step, the front direction of PoI is tracked temporally by using the unscented particle filter (UPF). Experimental results show that the method can properly compute the front direction of the PoI and robustly track the best viewpoints. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control System Design and Test for Cryogenic Ground Support Equipment YANG Yu-pu 1 (杨煜普), LI Xiang-bao 1(李祥宝), JI Rui 1(季 睿) 2011, 16 (5):  543-550.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1185-5 Abstract ( 1462 )   Abstract:  The cryogenic ground support equipment (CGSE) is an important part of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) experiment which is a particle physics experiment. CGSE is used to cool down the superconducting magnet of AMS-02 to its operating temperature of 1.8 K and to fill the magnet helium tank with superfluid helium. This paper introduces the control system of CGSE and presents the performance of the system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Threshold Signature Scheme with Threshold Verification Based on Multivariate Linear Polynomial SHEN Zhong-hua (沈忠华), YU Xiu-yuan (于秀源) 2011, 16 (5):  551-556.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1186-4 Abstract ( 1482 )   Abstract:  Secret sharing schemes are multi-party protocols related to key establishment. They also facilitate distributed trust or shared control for critical activities (e.g., signing corporate cheques and opening bank vaults), by gating the critical action on cooperation from t(t∈  Z+) of n(n∈  Z+) users. A (t, n) threshold scheme (t<n) is a method by which a trusted party computes secret shares γi (1≤i≤ n) from an initial secret γ0 and securely distributes γi to user. Any t or more users who pool their shares may easily recover γ0, but any group knowing only t-1 or fewer shares may not. By the ElGamal public key cryptophytes and the Schnorr's signature scheme, this paper proposes a new (t,n) threshold signature scheme with (k,m) (k,m∈Z+) threshold verification based on the multivariate linear polynomial. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identity-Based Key-Insulated Proxy Signature Without Random Oracles CHEN Jian-hong (陈剑洪), LONG Yu (龙 宇), CHEN Ke-fei (陈克非), WANG Yong-tao (王永涛) 2011, 16 (5):  557-566.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1187-3 Abstract ( 1620 )   Abstract:  In an identity based proxy signature (IBPS) scheme, a designated proxy signer can generate the signature on behalf of an original signer. Traditional IBPS schemes normally rely on the assumption that private keys are kept perfectly secure. However, due to viruses, worms or other break-ins allowed by operating-system holes, key exposure seems inevitable. To minimize the damage caused by key exposure in IBPS, we propose an identity-based key-insulated proxy signature (IBKIPS) scheme in the standard model, i.e. without random oracles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bit Stream Oriented Enumeration Tree Pruning Algorithm QIU Wei-dong (邱卫东), JIN Ling (金 凌), YANG Xiao-niu (杨小牛), YANG Hong-wa (杨红娃) 2011, 16 (5):  567-570.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1190-8 Abstract ( 1565 )   Abstract:  Packet analysis is very important in our digital life. But what protocol analyzers can do is limited because they can only process data in determined format. This paper puts forward a solution to decode raw data in an unknown format. It is certain that data can be cut into packets because there are usually characteristic bit sequences in packet headers. The key to solve the problem is how to find out those characteristic sequences. We present an efficient way of bit sequence enumeration. Both Aho-Corasick (AC) algorithm and data mining method are used to reduce the cost of the process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Certificateless Strong Key-Insulated Signature Without Random Oracles WAN Zhong-mei (万中美), Meng Xiang-qin (孟祥芹), HONG Xuan (洪 璇) 2011, 16 (5):  571-576.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1191-7 Abstract ( 1736 )   Abstract:  It is important to ensure the private key secure in cryptosystem. To reduce the underlying danger caused by the private key leakage, Dodis et al. (2003) introduced the notion of key-insulated security. To handle the private key leakage problems in certificateless signature schemes, we propose a new certificateless strong key-insulated signature scheme. Our scheme has two desirable properties. First, its security can be proved without utilizing the random oracle model. Second, it solves the key escrow problems in identity-based key-insulated signatures (IBKISs). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Certificateless Message Recovery Signatures Providing Girault's Level-3 Security TSO Ray-lin (左瑞麟), KIM Cheonshik, YI Xun (易 训) 2011, 16 (5):  577-585.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1192-6 Abstract ( 1587 )   Abstract:  A digital signature with message recovery is a signature that the message itself (or partial of the message) is not required to be transmitted together with the signature. It has the advantage of small data size of communication comparing with the traditional digital signatures. In this paper, combining both advantages of the message recovery signatures and the certificateless cryptography, we propose the first certificatelss signature scheme with message recovery. The remarkable feature of our scheme is that it can achieve Girault's Level-3 security while the conventional certificateless signature scheme only achieves Level-2 security. The security of the scheme is rigorously proved in the random oracle model based on the hardness of the k bilinear Diffie-Hellman inverse (k-BDHI) problem. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Security Analysis of Application Layer Protocols on Wireless Local Area Networks YANG Ming-hour (杨明豪) 2011, 16 (5):  586-592.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1193-5 Abstract ( 1719 )   Abstract:  This paper aims at analyzing the security issues that lie in the application layer (AL) protocols when users connect to the Internet via a wireless local area network (WLAN) through an access point. When adversaries launch deauthentication flood attacks cutting users' connection, the connection managers will automatically re-search the last access point's extended service set identifier (ESSID) and then re-establish connection. However, such re-connection can lead the users to a fake access point with the same ESSID set by attackers. As the attackers hide behind users' access points, they can pass AL's authentication and security schemes, e.g. secure socket layer (SSL). We have proved that they can even spy on users' account details, passwords, data and privacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Highly Resilient Key Distribution Strategy for Multi-level Heterogeneous Sensor Networks by Using Deployment Knowledge WANG Chih-hung (王智弘), WEI Shih-yi (魏仕益) 2011, 16 (5):  593-599.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1194-4 Abstract ( 1912 )   Abstract:  The most important problem in the security of wireless sensor network (WSN) is to distribute keys for the sensor nodes and to establish a secure channel in an insecure environment. Since the sensor node has limited resources, for instance, low battery life and low computational power, the key distribution scheme must be designed in an efficient manner. Recently many studies added a few high-level nodes into the network, called the heterogeneous sensor network (HSN). Most of these studies considered an application for two-level HSN instead of multi-level one. In this paper, we propose some definitions for multi-level HSN, and design a novel key management strategy based on the polynomial hash tree (PHT) method by using deployment knowledge. Our proposed strategy has lower computation and communication overheads but higher connectivity and resilience. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simple Three-Party Password Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol LO Nai-wei (罗乃维), YEH Kuo-hui (叶国晖) 2011, 16 (5):  600-603.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1195-3 Abstract ( 6802 )   Abstract:  Three-party password authenticated key exchange (3PAKE) protocol plays a significant role in the history of secure communication area in which two clients agree a robust session key in an authentic manner based on passwords. In recent years, researchers focused on developing simple 3PAKE (S-3PAKE) protocol to gain system efficiency while preserving security robustness for the system. In this study, we first demonstrate how an undetectable on-line dictionary attack can be successfully applied over three existing S-3PAKE schemes. An error correction code (ECC) based S-3PAKE protocol is then introduced to eliminate the identified authentication weakness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comments on Enhanced Yoking Proof Protocols for Radio Frequency Identification Tags and Tag Groups CHIEN Hung-yu (简宏宇), YEH Ming-kuei (叶明贵), WU Tzong-chen (吴宗成), LEE Chin-i (李静怡) 2011, 16 (5):  604-609.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1196-2 Abstract ( 1953 )   Abstract:  A radio frequency identification (RFID) yoking proof scheme can generate proofs of simultaneous presence of two tags in the range of a specified reader so that an off-line verifier can verify the proofs later. This proof has found several interesting applications. However, many existing RFID yoking schemes are vulnerable to replay attacks. To overcome the weaknesses, Cho et al. proposed a new RFID yoking proof protocol and a new grouping protocol. Unfortunately, Cho et al.'s schemes are still vulnerable to replay attacks. In this paper, in addition to demonstrating weaknesses, we further discuss the rationale behind these weaknesses to provide a guide line for designing secure RFID yoking schemes. Based on the guide line, we propose a new RFID yoking scheme and a new RFID grouping scheme. Performance evaluation shows that our scheme outperforms its counterparts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical Properties and Modeling of Skin with Laser Influence HUANG Zhen (黄 真), ZHOU Dai (周 岱), REN Qiu-shi (任秋实) 2011, 16 (5):  610-613.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1197-1 Abstract ( 1550 )   Abstract:  This paper studied experimentally and theoretically the biomechanical properties of skin with laser influence. Different types of tensile tests of the porcine skin in vitro were conducted to study effect of the laser, tensile strength, stress-strain relationship, influence of skin's anisotropy and different regions, repetitive loading and stress-relaxation. A modeling of skin was developed according to the experimental results. The modeling provided insights into the important structure-function relationship in skin tissue with the laser effect. The nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical responses of skin are largely due to varying degree of fiber undulation which is effected by laser and outside forces. By introducing the laser factor into the constitutive modeling, the skin's biomechanical properties and the mechanism of the skin repair with laser were discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In-Vitro and In-Vivo Electrical Characteristics of a Penetrating Microelectrode Array for Optic Nerve Electrical Stimulation SUI Xiao-hong (隋晓红), 2011, 16 (5):  614-619.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1198-0 Abstract ( 1512 )   Abstract:  The Chinese C-Sight team aims to restore vision to blind patients by means of stimulating the optic nerve with a penetrating microelectrode array. A biocompatible, implantable microwire array was developed having four platinum-iridium shafts, each 100 µm in diameter. This penetrating microwire array is described in this paper, including its fabrication techniques and its in-vitro electrical characteristics. Every set of four shafts was spaced 0.4 mm from center to center, comprising two short shafts that were 0.3 mm long and two that were 0.9 mm long. This design was intended to stimulate ganglion cell axons at different depths within the optic nerve. In-vitro electrochemical impedance testing results showed that the impedance at 1 kHz ranged from 8 to 10 kΩ at room temperature. The voltage responses of the arrays to current pulse stimulation indicated a charge-injection capacity of 210 µC/cm2. Finally, in-vivo acute animal experiments showed that the amplitude of the electrically evoked potentials (EEPs) measured in primary visual cortex could be as large as 100 μV upon direct stimulation of the optic nerve. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accurate 3D Reconstruction of Subject-Specific Knee Finite Element Model to Simulate the Articular Cartilage Defects DONG Yue-fu (董跃福), HU Guang-hong (胡广洪), ZHANG Luo-lian (张罗莲), HU Yang (胡 杨) DONG Ying-hai (董英海), XU Qing-rong 2011, 16 (5):  620-627.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1199-z Abstract ( 2282 )   Abstract:  The biomechanical relationship between the articular cartilage defect and knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been clearly defined. This study presents a 3D knee finite element model (FEM) to determine the effect of cartilage defects on the stress distribution around the defect rim. The complete knee FEM, which includes bones, articular cartilages, menisci and ligaments, is developed from computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. This FEM then is validated and used to simulate femoral cartilage defects. Based on the obtained results, it is confirmed that the 3D knee FEM is reconstructed with high-fidelity level and can faithfully predict the knee contact behavior. Cartilage defects drastically affect the stress distribution on articular cartilages. When the defect size was smaller than 1.00 cm2, the stress elevation and redistribution were found undistinguishable. However, significant stress elevation and redistribution were detected due to the large defect sizes (≥1.00 cm2. This alteration of stress distribution has important implications relating to the progression of cartilage defect to OA in the human knee joint. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Osteogenesis Between Two Kinds of Stem Cells from Goat Combined Calcium Phosphate Cement in Tissue Engineering ZHAO Wei (赵 伟), LU Jia-yu (陆家瑜), HAO Yong-ming (郝永明), ZHANG Xiu-li (张秀丽) QU Xiao-hui (瞿晓辉), HUA Li (华 丽), CAO Chun- hua (曹春花), ZOU De-rong (邹德荣) 2011, 16 (5):  628-635.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1200-x Abstract ( 2608 )   Abstract:  To explore the possible mechanism of osteogenesis for deciduous teeth stem cells (DTSCs) in vivo/ vitro, stem cells from goat deciduous teeth (SGDs) were firstly isolated, induced and transplanted into immunocompromised mice. The SGDs's mineralization pattern and osteogenesis were compared with bone marrow messenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from goats. SGDs have similar osteogenic differentiation pattern in vitro and bone-like tissue formation mechanism in vivo to BMMSCs; moreover SGDs have stronger alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression and osteopontin (OPN) gene expression levels than BMMSCs; also SGDs can form more bone-like tissues than BMMSCs when cell-scaffold compounds are transplanted into immunocompromised mice. This pre-clinical study in a large-animal model confirms that DTSCs may be an appropriate source of stem cells in repairing bone defects with tissue engineering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Significance of Sacroiliac Joint Aerocele in Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis WANG Feng (王 锋), ZHAO Bing-hui (赵炳辉), WANG Nian-song (汪年松) 2011, 16 (5):  636-640.  doi: 10.1007/s12204-011-1201-9 Abstract ( 2007 )   Abstract:  To explore the significance of sacroiliac joint aerocele in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, the data of 196 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were collected during December of 2008 to May of 2009. And 50 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), 15 patients with sclerosing osteitis (SO) and 47 patients with sacroiliac joint tumors were investigated as the control groups. The feature of sacroiliac joint aerocele in computed tomography (CT) images was observed carefully. In AS group there were 130 patients (66.3%) diagnosed as AS according to CT results, and 32 of them (24.6%) were observed with aerocele within sacroiliac joint cavity, majority of whom were earlier AS patients with slight bone destruction. Other 66 patients were diagnosed as early AS according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography. CT examination showed that the 66 patients did not have apparent bone destruction, of whom, 26 (39.4%) patients had aerocele within sacroiliac joint cavity. Among the control groups of 15 (15/50, 30.0%) patients with OA, 5 (5/15, 33.3%) patients with SO were observed sacroiliac joint aerocele. The 47 patients with sacroiliac joint tumors were observed with bone or cartilage destruction, but without signs of sacroiliac joint aerocele. The sacroiliac joint aerocele in CT images of AS patients usually appeared as spots, streaks, small or larger round blocks, and it often happened in patients with earlier stage of diseases. Sacroiliac joint aerocele may be useful to early diagnosis of AS. References | Related Articles | Metrics