Electro-Thermal Aging Characteristics of Polypropylene Films in Pulsed Electric Fields

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.525

Abstract

Abstract:

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is the primary dielectric material used in metallized film capacitors, of which the dielectric, physical, and chemical properties directly affect the performance and service life of capacitors. Currently, the aging mechanisms of BOPP in the complex multi-physical field environment inside capacitors lack sufficient research, and the degradation mechanisms of capacitors remain unclear. Therefore, this paper conducts electro-thermal combined aging experiments of BOPP under pulsed electric fields to examine the breakdown field strength, charge and trap characteristics, and surface composition and morphology of BOPP samples under different aging conditions, and analyzes the impact of pulse parameters and environmental temperature on the aging process of the samples. The results show that at a pulse frequency of 500 Hz and a temperature of 60 ℃, the direct current (DC) breakdown field strength of BOPP samples decreases from 610 kV/mm to 515 kV/mm when the pulse voltage amplitude increases from 1 kV to 5 kV. Under fixed conditions of pulse voltage, the breakdown field strength decreases from 630 kV/mm to 490 kV/mm when the temperature increases from 40 ℃ to 100 ℃. Under synergistic effects of pulse voltage and ambient temperature, BOPP simultaneously undergoes both molecular chain scission and thermo-oxidative aging, leading to a decrease in electrical strength of the samples. Among all aging-related factors, pulse voltage amplitude and ambient temperature have the most significant impact on the degradation in electrical performance of BOPP.

Key words: polypropylene film, breakdown field strength, pulsed electric field, thermo-oxidative reaction, degradation mechanism

CLC Number:

TM855

XU Yang, CHEN Yang, LI Wei, TANG Yu, CAO Xuanhe, YANG Jinggang, ZHAO Ke, REN Chengyan. Electro-Thermal Aging Characteristics of Polypropylene Films in Pulsed Electric Fields[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(7): 1216-1226.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

References 27

[1]	刘文凤, 刘标, 程璐. 高储能聚合物电介质材料研究进展[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(3): 1046-1054.
	LIU Wenfeng, LIU Biao, CHENG Lu. Research progress of high energy storage dielectric polymer materials[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(3): 1046-1054.
[2]	张传升, 章程, 任成燕, 等. 聚丙烯基薄膜储能的影响机制及优化策略研究进展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(7): 2193-2213.
	ZHANG Chuansheng, ZHANG Cheng, REN Chengyan, et al. Research progress on influence mechanisms and optimization strategies for energy storage in polypropylene-based films[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(7): 2193-2213.
[3]	张午宇, 齐磊, 张翔宇, 等. 计及金属化薄膜电容器与IGBT模块退化过程相关性的柔直换流阀组件可靠性评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(14): 4508-4518.
	ZHANG Wuyu, QI Lei, ZHANG Xiangyu, et al. Reliability evaluation method for VSC-HVDC valve submodules considering the correlation between the degradation process of metallized polypropylene film capacitors and IGBT modules[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(14): 4508-4518.
[4]	陈浩, 李钊, 杜文娟, 等. 新能源经柔直送出系统降阶方法及振荡风险评估[J]. 电力工程技术, 2026, 45(1): 26-38.
	CHEN Hao, LI Zhao, DU Wenjuan, et al. Reduced-order method and oscillation risk assessment for renewable energy with VSC-HVDC system[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2026, 45(1): 26-38.
[5]	曹轩赫. 多场协同下金属化薄膜电容器的老化特性及寿命评估研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2024.
	CAO Xuanhe. Study on aging characteristics and lifetime evaluation of metallized film capacitors under multi-field synergy[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 2024.
[6]	宋文兰, 宋文行, 李冰, 等. 电容器用BOPP薄膜在介电和储能性能提高中的研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2024, 38(7): 138-143. doi: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.07.021
	SONG Wenlan, SONG Wenxing, LI Bing, et al. Research progress in BOPP films of capacitors for enhancing dielectric and electric energy storage[J]. China Plastics, 2024, 38(7): 138-143. doi: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2024.07.021
[7]	宋家乐, 张添胤, 朱光宇, 等. 热-应力老化作用对电容器用BOPP薄膜绝缘性能的影响[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2024, 45(1): 83-87.
	SONG Jiale, ZHANG Tianyin, ZHU Guangyu, et al. Influence of thermal-stress aging on insulation performance of BOPP film for capacitor[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2024, 45(1): 83-87.
[8]	曹轩赫, 胡迪, 张楚岩, 等. 谐波环境下模块化多电平换流器子模块电容器的多场耦合分析及优化研究[J]. 电网技术, 2024, 48(10): 4367-4378.
	CAO Xuanhe, HU Di, ZHANG Chuyan, et al. Multifield coupling analysis and optimization research of modular multilevel converter submodular capacitors in harmonic environment[J]. Power System Technology, 2024, 48(10): 4367-4378.
[9]	RITAMÄKI M, RYTÖLUOTO I, LAHTI K, et al. Large-area approach to evaluate DC electro-thermal ageing behavior of BOPP thin films for capacitor insulation systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(2): 826-836. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2017.006405 URL
[10]	UMRAN H M, WANG F P, HE Y S. Ageing: Causes and effects on the reliability of polypropylene film used for HVDC capacitor[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 40413-40430. doi: 10.1109/Access.6287639 URL
[11]	ZHANG S T, TIAN F Q, CAO J M, et al. Thermal aging life model of biaxially oriented polypropylene films for capacitors based on cumulative power energy absorption[J]. Polymer, 2024, 313: 127722. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127722 URL
[12]	于畅. 电容器BOPP薄膜电热联合老化特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2023.
	YU Chang. Research on the electrothermal aging characteristics of capacitor BOPP film[D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2023.
[13]	程璐, 李志元, 王镜然, 等. 高压直流电场与谐波耦合作用下金属化膜电容器失效研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(22): 8955-8965.
	CHENG Lu, LI Zhiyuan, WANG Jingran, et al. Mechanism study on the failure of metalized film capacitor under HVDC field superimposed harmonics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(22): 8955-8965.
[14]	李化, 易博思, 李露, 等. 直流支撑电容器用聚丙烯膜击穿和自愈特性研究[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2019, 40(3): 79-83.
	LI Hua, YI Bosi, LI Lu, et al. Study on breakdown and self-healing properties of polypropylene film for DC-link capacitors[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2019, 40(3): 79-83.
[15]	张云霄, 张佳瑞, 蔡英健, 等. 多物理场下薄膜电容器用聚丙烯材料劣化及诊断方法研究进展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(15): 4905-4926.
	ZHANG Yunxiao, ZHANG Jiarui, CAI Yingjian, et al. Research progress on degradation and diagnostic methods of polypropylene materials for film capacitors under multiple physical fields[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(15): 4905-4926.
[16]	ZHANG C S, FENG Y, KONG F, et al. Accele-rated damage in metallized film capacitors under pulse surge combined with rated DC voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2023, 51(6): 1494-1501. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2023.3272695 URL
[17]	孙雨婷. MMC中金属化聚丙烯薄膜电容的状态监测[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2020.
	SUN Yuting. Condition monitoring for metallized po-lypropylene film capacitor in MMC[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2020.
[18]	GB/T 17702—2021 电力电子电容器[S].
	GB/T 17702—2021 Capacitors for power electronics[S].
[19]	REN C Y, CHEN Y K, WANG H Z, et al. Improvement of surface insulating performance for polytetrafluoroethylene film by atmospheric pressure plasma deposition[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2023, 56(38): 384004. doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/acd7fc
[20]	宋朝晖, 李欣, 刘敏, 等. 不同热老化程度的环氧树脂表面电荷消散特性[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(4): 674-681. doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.244
	SONG Zhaohui, LI Xin, LIU Min, et al. Surface charge dissipation characteristics of epoxy resin with different thermal aging degrees[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(4): 674-681.
[21]	高煦轲, 常曦文, 仝殿杰, 等. 基于分子动力学的聚丙烯电热应力老化特性分析[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿, 2024, 45(1): 88-94.
	GAO Xuke, CHANG Xiwen, TONG Dianjie, et al. Analysis of electrothermal stress aging characteristics of polypropylene based on molecular dynamics[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation, 2024, 45(1): 88-94.
[22]	HE Y S, WANG F P, DU G Q, et al. Revisiting the thermal ageing on the metallised polypropylene film capacitor: From device to dielectric film[J]. High Voltage, 2023, 8(2): 305-314. doi: 10.1049/hve2.v8.2 URL
[23]	朱家峰, 佟辉, 曹诗沫, 等. 电容器用金属化高温电介质薄膜的自愈性能研究[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2024, 43(1): 1-13.
	ZHU Jiafeng, TONG Hui, CAO Shimo, et al. Study on self-healing properties of metallized high-temperature dielectric films for capacitors[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering & Energy, 2024, 43(1): 1-13.
[24]	CHEN J X, ZHONG Z X, SU Z H, et al. Analysis of defects in biaxially oriented polypropylene films by micro-Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 48(10): e20134-e20138. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2040(20)60055-X URL
[25]	REN C Y, ZHANG C S, HU D, et al. Trap distribution of polymeric materials and its effect on surface flashover in vacuum[J]. Plasma Science & Technology, 2020, 22(4): 044002.
[26]	彭向阳, 姚驰, 余欣, 等. 硅烷接枝聚丙烯的直流电性能与陷阱机制[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(11): 4480-4489.
	PENG Xiangyang, YAO Chi, YU Xin, et al. DC electrical properties and trap mechanism of silane-grafted polypropylene[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(11): 4480-4489.
[27]	彭兆伟, 关永刚, 张灵, 等. β成核剂含量对等规聚丙烯电导电流和空间电荷特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(7): 1527-1535.
	PENG Zhaowei, GUAN Yonggang, ZHANG Ling, et al. Influence of β-nucleating agent content on conduction current and space charge characteristics in isotactic polypropylene[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(7): 1527-1535.