Strategies of Virtual Power Plants Participating in Auxiliary Service Market Under Extreme Weather Conditions

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.016

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issues of limited profit methods and unstable earnings for virtual power plants (VPPs), the control of the grid-connected inverters within the photovoltaic systems of VPPs is optimized, enabling them to participate in the reactive power auxiliary services market to gain voltage regulation revenue, which ensures voltage stability under extreme weather scenarios and expands the revenue channels for the VPP. Additionally, a two-layer optimization model for VPPs to participate in the auxiliary services market considering demand response is established, with the upper layer being a comprehensive revenue maximization model for the VPP and the lower layer being a cost minimization model for the flexible load electricity consumption of the VPP. The model is solved by transforming the two-layer model into a single-layer model using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Case studies demonstrate that this strategy enables VPPs to secure stable profits in the auxiliary service market during extreme weather events, while remaining effective and adaptable under normal operating conditions.

Key words: virtual power plant (VPP), demand response, reactive power auxiliary services, extreme weather

CLC Number:

TM732

LI Jie, LIANG Wenteng, LIU Yuheng, LI Lanqing, HU Qinran. Strategies of Virtual Power Plants Participating in Auxiliary Service Market Under Extreme Weather Conditions[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(4): 574-583.

Figures/Tables 14

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时间段	电价/[元· (kW·h)^-1]	时间段	电价/[元· (kW·h)^-1]
0:00—6:00	0.3583	18:00—21:00	0.5583
6:00—8:00	0.5283	21:00—22:00	0.5283
8:00—11:00	0.5583	22:00—24:00	0.3583
11:00—18:00	0.5283	—	—

参数	恒功率因数运行	并网变流器优化控制	对比
调峰收益	1.235	1.235	0.000
柔性负荷供电收益	0.034	1.588	+1.554
无功收益	1.462	1.928	+0.466
运行成本	1.234	0.517	-0.717
购电成本	1.321	1.437	+0.116
弃光惩罚	0.000	0.015	+0.015
综合收益	0.176	2.782	+2.606

参数	夏季典型日	冬季典型日
调峰收益	1.000	1.654
柔性负荷供电收益	1.531	1.501
无功收益	0.000	0.000
运行成本	0.120	0.232
购电成本	0.988	0.980
弃光惩罚	0.003	0.000
综合收益	1.420	1.943