A Review of Optimal Allocation and Operation of Energy Storage System for Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation in New Type Power Systems

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.128

Abstract

Abstract:

To achieve China’s “dual carbon” goal, integrating large-scale renewable energy into power grids has become an irreversible trend. With the continuous increase in the use of renewable energy, the wind and solar power integration poses critical challenges to the stable operation of the power system. With the perfect dynamic response of active and reactive power, energy storage system can smooth power fluctuations caused by intermittent and uncertain renewable energy, which is conducive to promoting the access of large-scale new energy, realizing the smooth load regulation, and improving the interactive friendliness of the power grid. First, starting from the development of energy storage technology, this paper introduces the domestic and foreign research status of energy storage participating in the auxiliary service market of power peak regulation and frequency modulation. Then, it conducts a comprehensive review on the optimization configuration of energy storage systems taking into account peak shaving and frequency regulation requirements, analyzing from two perspectives: single-type setup and hybrid energy storage. Additionally, it summarizes the solving algorithms for the optimal configuration of energy storage systems. Afterwards, it proposes a grid-friendly new power system based on energy storage participation, and elaborates on collaborative scheduling methods and control strategies in multiple time scales and multiple regions from the perspective of collaborative operation. Finally, it provides an outlook on the future research direction of energy storage from four aspects, which are shared cloud energy storage, numerical intelligent aggregation modeling,intelligent and adaptive control technology, and improving multi-regional cooperation and standardization policy mechanism.

Key words: energy storage system, peak shaving and frequency regulation, optimal allocation, collaborative operation, control strategy, new type power system

CLC Number:

TM732

FENG Mengyuan, WEN Shuli, SHI Shanshan, WANG Haojing, ZHU Miao, YANG Wen. A Review of Optimal Allocation and Operation of Energy Storage System for Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation in New Type Power Systems[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(1): 1-18.

Figures/Tables 7

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类别	中国	美国	欧盟
有功辅助服务	一次调频	频率响应	一次调频
	自动发电控制	调频	二次调频
	备用	旋转备用	二次调频
	备用	非旋转备用	三次调频
	—	补充备用	三次调频
现货市场	调峰	实时市场	平衡机制
	调峰	实时市场	日内市场

电储能类型		服役年限/a	功率/ MW	单位容量成本/[美元· (kW·h)^-1]	单位功率成本/(美元· kW^-1)	响应时间	转换效率/%	全容量放电持续时间	受环境影响	调峰指数	调频指数
机械储能	抽水蓄能	30~80	10~5000	1~291.2	60~2000	min级	70~85	1~24 h	大	*****	*****
	飞轮储能	15~20	0.001~5	1000~14000	250~350	4 ms~s级	90~95	1 ms~15 min	无	*****	*****
	压缩空气储能	20~60	10~1000	2~200	400~1000	5 ms~10 min	50~89	1~24 h	大	***	***
电化学储能	锂电池	5~20	0.001~100	600~3800	900~4000	ms级~s级	85~97	1 min~1 h	中	**	**
	铅酸电池	3~15	0.001~100	200~400	300~600	ms级	80~90	s级~5 h	中	**	**
	钒液流电池	5~15	0.01~10	150~1000	600~1500	ms级~s级	75~90	s级~10 h	中	****	***
	钠硫电池	10~15	0.05~34	300~500	1000~3000	ms级~s级	85~90	1~8 h	中	****	****
电磁储能	超导储能	15~20	0.01~10	1000~72000	200~489	1~5 ms	95~98	ms级~s级	中	*****	*****
	超级电容	15~20	0.01~1	300~2000	100~450	1~20 ms	95~98	1 ms~1 min	无	****	****