Abstract: With the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in China, EV charging stations (EVCS) have begun to be extensively connected to the distribution network to meet the growing charging demand, which posed unprecedented challenges to the stability, safety, and economy of the distribution network. To alleviate the impact of EVCS on the distribution network while ensuring the interests of investors and EV users, this paper proposes a multi-objective planning model of EVCS combined battery energy storage system (BESS) that considers the behavioral characteristics of EV users. The model aims to minimize the comprehensive cost of EVCS and BESS, user waiting time, and system voltage fluctuations for achieving the best balance between the economy and stability by planning for EVCS and BESS. Meanwhile, the NSGA-III algorithm is used for verification on the extended IEEE-33 node testing system and the university town in Chenggong district, Kunming city. The simulation results show that in the IEEE-33 bus test system, compared with the case without Bess, the voltage fluctuation and system network loss are reduced by 36.73% and 35.41%, respectively, which effectively improves the stability and economy of the distribution network.

Key words: electric vehicles, energy storage systems, charging demand forecasting, site selection and capacity determination, NSGA-III