高功率密度表嵌式磁极偏移永磁电动机转矩性能提升

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.545

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高功率密度是航空飞行器用电动机关键性能需求,电动机转子结构对功率密度指标具有显著影响.采用磁极偏移结构提高永磁同步电动机功率密度和永磁体利用率.针对150 kW、12 000 r/min额定工作点,基于遗传优化算法开展表贴式、表嵌式以及表嵌式磁极偏移结构永磁同步电动机的优化设计和性能对比研究,并在表嵌式磁极偏移结构基础上对比不同填充材料、磁极偏移角的影响.结果表明,表嵌式磁极偏移结构电动机相比于表贴式结构电动机,可以将功率密度提高2.1%,永磁体用量减小17.6%,转矩脉动降低11.6%,具有良好的应用潜力.

关键词: 高功率密度电动机, 永磁同步电动机, 磁极偏移结构, NSGA-II优化算法

Abstract:

High power density is critical to high-performance electrical machines in aviation, and the rotor structures of the machines play an essential role. This paper focuses on the permanent magnet (PM)-shifting rotor to enhance the power density and PM utilization ratio of PM synchronous machines. Aimed at the rated operation point with a power of 150 kW and a speed of 12 000 r/min, global optimizations using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) are applied individually to the surface-mounted, surface-inserted, and surface-inserted-shifted PM machines. Then, the three optimal machines are comprehensively evaluated and compared. Additionly, a comparative investigation is conducted on the surface-inserted-shifted PM machines with different structures and different PM shifting angles. The results reveal that surface-inserted-shifted PM machines achieve a 2.1% increase in power density, a 17.6% reduction in PM usage, and an 11.6% decrease in torque ripple compared to conventional surface-mounted PM machines, indicating strong potential for aircraft applications.

Key words: high power density machine, permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine, permanent magnet-shifting, NSGA-II optimization algorithm

中图分类号:

TM341

栗大林, 华浩, 李然, 许少伦, 齐文娟. 高功率密度表嵌式磁极偏移永磁电动机转矩性能提升[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(9): 1237-1248.

LI Dalin, HUA Hao, LI Ran, XU Shaolun, QI Wenjuan. Torque Improvement for High Power Density Machines with Shifted Surface-Inserted Permanent Magnets[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(9): 1237-1248.

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拓扑结构	优化目标	优化变量I	优化变量II	初始种群数	遗传代数	变量交叉概率/%	变量突变概率/%
SPM	最小有效材料质量、最高电磁效率	定子轭厚、定子齿宽、定子槽开口、定子裂比、磁钢极弧系数、转子轭厚		50^[24]	9	98	1
SIPM	最小有效材料质量、最高电磁效率	定子轭厚、定子齿宽、定子槽开口、定子裂比、磁钢极弧系数、转子轭厚	β	58	9	98	1
SIPM-shifting	最小有效材料质量、最高电磁效率	定子轭厚、定子齿宽、定子槽开口、定子裂比、磁钢极弧系数、转子轭厚	β,θ_s	66	9	98	1

拓扑结构	定子轭厚/mm	定子齿宽/mm	定子槽开口/mm	裂比	永磁体极弧系数	转子轭厚/mm	β/(°)	θ_s/(°)
SPM	7.3	5.6	2.6	0.743	0.89	4.6	0	0
SIPM	6.3	4.8	1.2	0.741	0.87	5.6	30.7	0
SIPM-shifting	6	5.4	2.5	0.732	0.89	4.4	21	3.16

拓扑结构	永磁体用量/kg	平均转矩/(N·m)	磁钢利用率/(N·m·kg^-1)	转矩脉动/%
原始结构	1.36	120	88.0	8.40
填充磁钢	1.54	124	80.3	3.94
填充硅钢	1.36	117	86.2	16.00

拓扑结构	定子叠长/ mm	半匝线圈长/ mm	铜耗/ W	铁耗/ W	转子涡流耗/W	反电势基波/V	反电势 THD/%	铜质量/ kg	铁质量/ kg	永磁体质量/kg	有效材料总质量/kg	功率密度/ (kW· kg^-1)	转矩密度/ (N·m· kg^-1)	额定转矩脉动/%	磁钢利用率/ (N·m· kg^-1)
SPM	58.6	111.4	1 801	1 496	238	505	23.30	2.76	4.47	1.65	8.93	16.8	13.37	11.20	72.3
SIPM	55.4	108.5	2 050	1 256	234	443	20.30	3.15	4.27	1.51	8.96	16.74	13.32	11.80	79.0
SIPM-shifting	55.6	108.4	2 032	1 268	242	438	14.70	3.12	4.23	1.36	8.75	17.14	13.64	9.90	87.8