内嵌市场博弈模型的电网-抽水蓄能多主体协调调度

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.354

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在抽水蓄能等大规模储能电站同时参与现货交易与电网调度的情况下,电网对抽水蓄能的调度难以直接触及对现货市场中可再生电能的消纳.对此,考虑电能现货交易为电网抽水蓄能调度带来的影响,提出内嵌市场博弈模型的多主体协调调度方法.首先,结合电力现货市场出清模型,以抽水蓄能电站现货市场经济收益最大化为目标,制定抽水蓄能电站参与电能现货交易策略.然后,结合两部制电价政策,以最小化电网运行成本与全网新能源弃用量为目标,制定电网运营商对抽水蓄能的容量分配与功率调度策略.制定所提调度策略需要求解内嵌博弈模型的双层优化问题,即抽水蓄能电站参与电能现货市场交易决策问题和内嵌市场博弈模型的抽水蓄能容量分配与功率调度策略优化问题.抽水蓄能参与现货市场决策问题服从Stackelberg博弈模型,通过强对偶理论将其内嵌至抽水蓄能容量分配与功率调度策略优化问题,并通过第2代非支配遗传算法(NSGA-II)对抽水蓄能容量分配与功率调度策略双优化问题进行求解.最后,依托华东某抽水蓄能电站的运行数据构建仿真模型,对所提方法进行验证.测试结果表明,所提方法可以有效协调电网直接调度与抽水蓄能参与电能现货市场的决策方案,提升抽水蓄能经济效益,降低电网运行成本,提高新能源消纳水平.

关键词: 现货市场, 两部制电价, 主从博弈, 抽水蓄能, 协调调度

Abstract:

In the context of large-scale energy storage stations, such as pumped storage, participating in both spot trading and grid scheduling, it is difficult for the grid to directly access the consumption of renewable energy in the spot market. In this regard, the influence of spot electricity trading on the pumped storage scheduling is considered and a multi-agent scheduling method with an embedded market game model is proposed. First, combined with the power spot market clearing model, with the objective of maximizing the benefits of the pumped storage power station in the spot market, a strategy for the pumped storage power station to participate in the spot trading of electric energy is developed. Then, combined with the two-part electricity price policy, the capacity allocation and power dispatching strategy of the grid operator about the pumped storage is formulated to minimize grid operating costs and the amount of renewable energy discarded in the entire grid. To formulate the proposed scheduling strategy, a bi-level optimization problem with an embedded game model is solved: the decision-making problem of the pumped storage power station participating in the electric energy spot market, and the optimization with the embedded marketing game model of capacity allocation and power scheduling strategy about pumped storage. The decision-making problem of pumped storage in the spot market follows a Stackelberg game model, which is integrated into the optimization problem of pumped storage capacity allocation and power scheduling strategy via the strong dual theory. The embedded bi-objective problem is solved by using the NSGA-II algorithm. Finally, based on the data from a pumped storage power station in East China, a simulation model is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The test results show that the proposed method can effectively coordinate the decision-making of direct grid dispatching and pumped storage participation in the electric energy spot market, enhancing the economic benefits of pumped storage, reducing the operating cost of the grid, and improving the consumption of renewable energy.

Key words: spot market, two-part power price, Stackelberg game, pumped-hydro storage, coordinated dispatch

中图分类号:

娄为, 胡蓉, 于谨铭, 张希鹏, 樊飞龙, 刘嵩源. 内嵌市场博弈模型的电网-抽水蓄能多主体协调调度[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(3): 365-375.

LOU Wei, HU Rong, YU Jinming, ZHANG Xipeng, FAN Feilong, LIU Songyuan. Multi-Agent Coordinated Dispatch of Power Grid and Pumped Hydro Storage with Embedded Market Game Model[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(3): 365-375.

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参与者	参数	取值
火力发电厂1	最大出力/MW	660
火力发电厂2	最大出力/MW	660
抽水蓄能电站	最大出力/MW	300
	平均运行水头/m	400
	抽水工况能量转换效率	0.92
	发电工况能量转换效率	0.90
	上水库库容/m³	4×10⁶

参数	取值	是否利用抽水蓄能
新能源弃用量/(MW·h)	9 305	是
	9 846	否
电网运行成本/万元	337.3	是
	349.5	否