输配电价改革背景下两部制电价的应用现状与发展前景

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在输配电价机制改革的背景下,现有两部制电价无法合理反映电力用户真实用电成本的弊端逐渐显露.两部制电价机制承担着分配电力发电、输送、配电、出售电价空间和调节电力系统的资源等重要功能,亟需对现有两部制电价做出改进与完善.本文围绕两部制电价机制展开分析和讨论.首先,介绍两部制电价的基本理论和计费比例,研究基于不同负荷率和电压等级分摊输配电成本的方法.然后,针对两部制电价的收取方式,分别对负荷率套餐、分时电价等电量电价机制以及电费和负荷调整、改进计价比例等基本电价机制进行总结归纳.在此基础上,结合美国、法国、日本等国外两部制实践经验,分析两部制电价机制理论的执行方式.最后,提出我国两部制电价机制的未来发展方向和建议.

关键词: 两部制电价, 输配电价改革, 电量电价, 基本电价, 计费比例

Abstract:

In the context of the reform of transmission and distribution tariff mechanism, the drawbacks of the existing two-part tariff system which cannot reasonably reflect the real cost of electricity consumption by power users have gradually emerged. The two-part tariff mechanism is responsible for allocating the space for electricity generation, transmission, distribution and sale tariffs, and regulating the resources of the power system. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the existing two-part tariff mechanism. This paper, focusing on the two-part tariff mechanism, first, introduces the basic theory and billing ratio of the two-part tariff, and studies the method of apportioning transmission and distribution costs based on different load rates and voltage levels. Then, it summarizes the electricity tariff mechanisms such as load rate packages and time-of-use tariffs and the basic tariff mechanisms such as tariff, load adjustments, and improved billing ratios respectively for the collection methods of two-part tariffs. Afterwards, it analyzes the implementation mode of two-part tariff mechanism theory by combining the practical experience of two-part system in the United States, France, Japan, and other foreign countries. Finally, it proposes the future development direction and suggestions of China’s two-part tariff mechanism.

Key words: two-part tariff, transmission and distribution tariff reform, electricity tariff, basic tariff, billing ratio

中图分类号:

TM727
U491

任曦骏, 宋竹萌, 王宝, 叶钰童, 潘思佳, 王梦圆, 徐潇源. 输配电价改革背景下两部制电价的应用现状与发展前景[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(10): 1479-1488.

REN Xijun, SONG Zhumeng, WANG Bao, YE Yutong, PAN Sijia, WANG Mengyuan, XU Xiaoyuan. Application and Prospect of Two-Part Tariff Mechanism in Context of Transmission and Distribution Price Reform[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(10): 1479-1488.

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用电类别	每月每kV·A 用电	容/需量电价		电度电价/[元·(kW·h)^-1]
用电类别	每月每kV·A 用电	最大需量/ (元·kW^-1·月^-1)	变压器容量/[元· (kV·A)^-1·月^-1]	10 kV 高供低计	10 kV 高供高计	110 kV
普通工商业及其他用电 (100 kV·A及以下和公变接入用电)				0.2385
大量工商业及其他用电 (101~3000 kV·A)	250 kW·h及以下	54	22	0.205 4	0.180 4	0.155 4
大量工商业及其他用电 (101~3000 kV·A)	250 kW·h以上			0.185 4	0.160 4	0.135 4
高需求工商业及其他用电 (101~3000 kV·A)	400 kW·h及以下	42	32	0.155 4	0.130 4	0.105 4
高需求工商业及其他用电 (101~3000 kV·A)	400 kW·h以上			0.135 4	0.110 4	0.085 4

国家	用户类型	电价制度	电压等级	辅助制度
美国	居民用户	两部制	三类等级	峰谷分时、季节性分时、负荷率套餐
	工商业用户	三部制	三部等级
法国	居民用户	两部制蓝色电价	低压	季节性分时、峰谷分时、利用小时数
	农民用户	两部制黄色电价	低压
	工商业用户	两部制绿色电价	中高压
日本	商业用户	两部制	不分等级	季节性电价、分段电价、电费与负荷调整
	中高压各类用户	两部制	中压三类等级、高压五类等级