上海交通大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 1946-1956.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.257

• 新型电力系统与综合能源 • 上一篇    下一篇

考虑动态频率惯量特性的储能电池参与电网一次调频控制

蔡振华1,2, 黎灿兵3(), 阳同光1, 魏娟2, 葛睿4, 李立雄1   

  1. 1.湖南城市学院 智慧城市能源感知与边缘计算重点实验室, 湖南 益阳 413000
    2.湖南大学 电气工程学院,长沙 410082
    3.上海交通大学 电子信息与电气工程学院,上海 200240
    4.国家电力调度控制中心,北京 100024
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-19 修回日期:2023-08-29 接受日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-12-28 发布日期:2025-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 黎灿兵,教授,博士生导师;E-mail:licanbing@sjtu.edu.cn.
  • 作者简介:蔡振华(1985—),硕士生,从事新能源发电与控制研究.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0114700);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ30079)

Participation of Energy Storage Batteries in Primary Frequency Control for Power Grid Considering Dynamic Frequency Inertia Characteristics

CAI Zhenhua1,2, LI Canbing3(), YANG Tongguang1, WEI Juan2, GE Rui4, LI Lixiong1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Energy Monitoring and Edge Computing for Smart City of Hunan Province, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, China
    2. College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
    3. School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    4. National Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center, Beijing 100024, China
  • Received:2023-06-19 Revised:2023-08-29 Accepted:2023-10-09 Online:2024-12-28 Published:2025-01-06

摘要:

储能电池参与电网调频时对系统的惯量响应能力和引起的最大频率偏差均有待改善,网侧变流器的虚拟同步发电机(VSG)控制策略有望提升储能电池参与电网一次调频的性能.为此,提出考虑动态频率惯量特性的储能电池参与电网一次调频控制.为利用储能电池对电网的惯量支撑和一次调频能力,构建附加有功功率模块,将储能电池的虚拟惯量控制和下垂控制策略产生的有功功率分别作为变转子惯量控制和输出反馈模型预测控制的附加功率;针对虚拟同步机惯量特性与电网需求间不匹配的问题,设计考虑系统频率偏差和系统频率变化率的变转子惯量控制策略,实现转子惯量对系统频率的实时调整.进一步提出VSG的输出反馈模型预测策略,通过在转子角频率增量与转矩增量之间建立反馈通道,实现系统频率偏差的动态预测和补偿.与现有的3种控制策略对比分析表明:考虑动态惯量特性的一次调频控制能充分利用储能电池和VSG的调频能力,有效减少电网的频率偏差和频率变化率.

关键词: 惯量响应, 一次调频, 虚拟同步发电机, 变转子惯量控制, 输出反馈模型预测控制

Abstract:

The inertial of the system and the maximum frequency deviation caused by the energy storage batteries when participating in grid frequency regulation need to be improved. Virtual synchronous generator control (VSG) for grid side converter is expected to improve the performance of storage battery energy participation in grid primary frequency regulation. Therefore, participation of energy storage batteries in primary frequency control for power grid is proposed considering dynamic frequency inertia characteristics. To utilize the inertial support and primary frequency regulation capability of the energy storage batteries for the grid, an additional active power module is constructed, and the active power generated by the virtual inertial control and droop control strategies of the energy storage batteries are used as additional power for variable rotor inertial control and output feedback model predictive control, respectively. For the mismatch between the inertia characteristics of the virtual synchronous machine and the grid demand, a variable rotor inertia control strategy considering system frequency deviation and system frequency change rate is designed to realize the real-time adjustment of rotor inertia to the system frequency. The output feedback model prediction control of VSG is further proposed to achieve dynamic prediction and compensation of system frequency deviation by establishing a feedback channel between rotor angular frequency increment and torque increment. A comparative analysis with three existing control strategies shows that the control strategy proposed can make full use of the frequency regulation capability of the energy storage battery and VSG to effectively reduce the frequency deviation and frequency variation rate of the grid.

Key words: inertial response, primary frequency regulation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG), variable rotor inertial control, output feedback model predictive control

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