To enhance the black start capability of power systems with a high
penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a black start control
strategy for hybrid wind farms considering inertial energy storage and power
handling limits of grid-forming wind turbines (GFM-WTs). Based on the topology
of hybrid wind farms, a coordinated control framework for grid-forming and
grid-following wind turbines (GFL-WTs) is developed. The current-speed and
power-speed boundary characteristics of GFM-WTs are analytically derived, and
an overload response mechanism constrained by these boundaries is proposed. A
DC bus charging model is established to quantify the initial inertial energy
demand. On this basis, a complete black start control procedure is designed,
covering voltage and frequency establishment, power coordination, and load
restoration. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy enables
autonomous system restoration under the leadership of GFM-WTs, and maintains
orderly recovery and stable operation under load disturbances, frequency
fluctuations, and wind speed variations, thereby exhibiting strong robustness
and adaptability. Moreover, the method reduces dependence on energy storage and
external support, showing promising prospects for engineering applications.
HU Junxuan1, 2, CHEN Peng ², HUANG Chunfang ², LU Qiang¹
. Black Start Control Strategy for Hybrid Wind Farms Considering
Grid-Forming Wind Turbine Inertial Storage and Power Handling Limits[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 0
: 1
.
DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.195