Abstract: To enhance the black start capability of power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a black start control strategy for hybrid wind farms considering inertial energy storage and power handling limits of grid-forming wind turbines (GFM-WTs). Based on the topology of hybrid wind farms, a coordinated control framework for grid-forming and grid-following wind turbines (GFL-WTs) is developed. The current-speed and power-speed boundary characteristics of GFM-WTs are analytically derived, and an overload response mechanism constrained by these boundaries is proposed. A DC bus charging model is established to quantify the initial inertial energy demand. On this basis, a complete black start control procedure is designed, covering voltage and frequency establishment, power coordination, and load restoration. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy enables autonomous system restoration under the leadership of GFM-WTs, and maintains orderly recovery and stable operation under load disturbances, frequency fluctuations, and wind speed variations, thereby exhibiting strong robustness and adaptability. Moreover, the method reduces dependence on energy storage and external support, showing promising prospects for engineering applications.

Key words: black start, grid-forming wind turbine, power boundary, inertial energy storage, hybrid wind farm