Abstract: This paper introduces amyloidosis, prion, and Aβ/tau proteins in Alzheimer’s disease. It points out that the amyloid hypothesis and the tau hypothesis are two sides of a coin, which reflect the specialty of Alzheimer’s disease among common features of amyloidosis. The elucidations of oligomer structures in Aβ peptide and tau protein have significances in understanding amyloidosis and fighting against Alzheimer’s disease or general amyloidosis.

Key words: amylodosis; Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ peptide; tau protein; oligomer