Breakthroughs and Implications in the Integration Pathways of Ultrasound Imaging and Modulation: A Review of Studies on the Construction of a Closed-Loop Ultrasound Brain-Computer Interface System (Invited)

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.105

Abstract

Abstract:

Ultrasound technology is moving beyond the functional limits of traditional imaging and modalities, gradually developing into a new paradigm that integrates brain-state sensing, precise modulation, and system integration. This paper focuses on the representative advances made by Professor Zheng Yuanyi’s team in ultrasound tomography (UT), ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) neuromodulation, and wearable ultrasound systems. It systematically analyzes the technological evolution from single-modality imaging diagnostics to a closed-loop framework of “sensing—modulation—feedback”. A key contribution of this paper lies in the proposal of an ultrasound brain-computer interface (U-BCI) framework based on a unified acoustic carrier, promoting ultrasound from an auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic tool to a medium for brain-computer interaction. This pathway provides a new framework for noninvasive deep neuromodulation, continuous physiological monitoring, and integrated in-hospital and out-of-hospital interventions, and offers a new direction for the clinical translation of brain-computer interfaces and the advancement of neurointerventional technologies.

Key words: neuro-ultrasound, ultrasound brain-computer interface (U-BCI), closed-loop framework, noninvasive neuromodulation, medical-engineering integration

CLC Number:

R318

XU Tianle, GAO Zhengrun, JI Chengxin. Breakthroughs and Implications in the Integration Pathways of Ultrasound Imaging and Modulation: A Review of Studies on the Construction of a Closed-Loop Ultrasound Brain-Computer Interface System (Invited)[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(4): 523-530.

Figures/Tables 3

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