Review of Single Blade Installation and Docking Technology of Large Offshore Wind Turbine

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.237

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, offshore wind turbines show the trend of large-scale development, the installation area of which has been expanding to the deep and far-reaching ocean. However, due to the harsh environmental conditions in the far-reaching ocean region, the traditional rotor-lifting method is facing many limitations. In contrast, the single blade installation technology has significant advantages in installation efficiency and safety, and has gradually become a new research hotspot. Based on the characteristics and difficulties of the offshore single blade installation technology, this paper investigates and summarizes the lifting equipment and key technologies involved in single blade installation section, including blade yokes, the single blade installation dynamic simulation model, and the active control technology. Among them, the research and development of novel single blade installation equipment and methods with active control technology are essential for large-scale offshore wind turbine installation in the far-reaching ocean region. Additionally, based on the development trend and prospect of offshore blade installation and the docking technology, it introduces some technical ideas, including single blade yoke with dynamic positioning function, and double hoop blade vertical installation auxiliary device, which are expected to solve the installation problem of large-scale offshore wind turbines.

Key words: offshore wind turbine, single blade installation, active control, blade yoke, docking

CLC Number:

TK83

XIE Sihong, ZHAO Yongsheng, XU Yiqing, HE Yanping, HAN Zhaolong, XU Yuwang. Review of Single Blade Installation and Docking Technology of Large Offshore Wind Turbine[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2023, 57(6): 631-641.

Figures/Tables 11

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吊装方式	占用甲板	吊装风速要求/ (m·s^-1)	吊装安全性	对接次数	国内外实际应用
叶轮整体吊装	需预留较大甲板面积进行叶轮拼装和装载	8~10	需进行叶轮翻转,受风载荷大,危险性偏高	1次(轮毂-机舱对接)	丹麦Middelgrunden;福清兴化湾二期;上海临港;江苏响水;珠海桂山
兔耳式吊装	占用一定甲板面积,装载效率一般	8~10	无需翻转,相对安全,起吊质量较大	2次(轮毂-机舱对接,叶片-轮毂对接)	德国Meerwind;德国Innogy Nordsee;Belwind海上风电场
单叶片吊装	占用少量甲板面积,可一次搭载多台风力机	10~14	叶片专用吊具,缆风、引导绳系统,安全可控	3次(叶片-轮毂对接)	Nordsee Ost海上风电场;福建长乐;华能如东H3;福清海坛海峡

吊具	厂商	类型	叶片旋转调节范围/ (°)	最大平均作业风速/ (m·s^-1)	特点
LT1600 Blade Hawk	Liftra	水平式	±5	12	夹持结构;微调倾角;自重15 t,最大载荷30 t
LT975 Blade Dragon	Liftra	旋转式	-215~35	12	夹持结构;单点悬吊;最大载荷65 t
LT5061 Blade Eagle II	Liftra	旋转式	-60~30	12	C型结构,自重160 t,最大载荷60 t
Simple C-yoke-Basic	Eltronic	水平式	0	15	C型结构;Eltronic C系列吊具基础
C-yoke-extented /tilt version	Eltronic	旋转式	-60~33	15	C型结构;单点悬吊
SC-yoke	Eltronic	水平式	±6	15	C型结构;有夹持结构,辅助起重机配合可垂直叶片吊装
Janett lifting yoke	Siemens	水平式	0	14	夹持和吊带结构;针对特定叶片
Rotor Blade Clamp-D	emaTech	旋转式	±35	暂无数据	万向液压夹持垫;单点悬吊;最大载荷50 t
10 MW海上风力机多功能吊具	上海锡华、东方风电	旋转式	-60~30	15	C型结构;单点悬吊;额定载荷45 t
50 t大兆瓦全角度单叶片吊具	巨力索具	旋转式	-215~35	12	夹持结构;单点悬吊;额定载荷50 t
D6/D7 MW全角度海上单叶片吊具	巨力索具、上海电气	旋转式	360	12	夹持结构;单点悬吊;额定载荷35 t
5 MW双向调节单叶片吊具	巨力索具	水平式	0	12	C型结构;单点悬吊
V60/80全旋转海上单叶片吊具	金风科技	旋转式	360	12	夹持结构;单点悬吊

文献	发表年份	主要工具	叶片模型	多体耦合	湍流风	主动控制	主要成果
[28]	2014	HAWC2、 EllipSys3D	DTU 10 MW	否	是	否	首次提出吊装模型;建立叶片风载荷计算模型;对比HAWC2和EllipSys3D计算结果
[29]	2015	HAWC2、 ANSYS Fluent	DTU 10 MW	是	是	否	首次建立吊装多体耦合模型;多工况叶片风载荷计算对比和参数敏感性分析
[30]	2018	HAWC2、 MATLAB/Simulink	NREL 5 MW	是	是	是	MATLAB/Simulink开源模型和算法开发平台;缆风绳主动控制算法设计与验证
[16]	2018	HAWC2	NREL 5 MW	是	是	否	叶片-轮毂对接机制仿真分析;首次结合风力机响应研究;基于极值理论的对接成功率研究