Real-Time Laser Speckle Imaging of Blood Flow with High Gray Level and High Resolution

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.466

Abstract

Abstract:

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a large measurement ranging, real-time, high spatial resolution optical imaging method. Exisiting reserches show that the low gray level (8-bit) and low resolution (752×480 pixels) camera can effectively monitor the flow of scattering media such as blood, but the defects such as large noise of scattered particles and small effective imaging area are difficult to be compensated by software, which seriously affects the imaging quality. Monitoring blood flow with a camera with a high gray level (16-bit) and a high resolution (2 048×2 048 pixels) will slow down the imaging speed of a single frame, and parallel computing can reduce the image processing time by 1/3. With the aid of an animal blood flow experiment, the results of high-gray-level and high-resolution spatial laser speckle contrast imaging (sLSCI), spatial approximate laser speckle contrast imaging (sLSCIa), and temporal laser speckle contrast imaging (tLSCI) were compared and analyzed using imaging speed and imaging quality as evaluation criteria. The parallel computation of high-gray-level and high-resolution sLSCI takes into consideration both imaging quality and imaging speed, which can meet the requirements of clinical real-time monitoring of blood flow.

Key words: laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), blood flow monitoring, image processing technology, parallel computing

CLC Number:

Q334

ZHANG Zelong, ZHANG Yingchao, WU Bo, DONG Wei, FAN Youben. Real-Time Laser Speckle Imaging of Blood Flow with High Gray Level and High Resolution[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2023, 57(5): 552-559.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Tab.1

$\bar{K}$ and SNR of K in ROI of mesenteric vessels in rabbit before and after death

ROI编号	$K - l$	$K - d$	R_SN,l	R_SN,d
ROI₁	0.030 9	0.161 8	5.207 8	2.527 2
ROI₂	0.029 9	0.141 8	4.104 3	3.694 0
ROI₃	0.035 9	0.122 5	4.459 8	2.441 9

Tab.1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.2

Correlation coefficient of $\bar{K}$ and average SNR in ROIs of different methods

参数	取值
参数	8位sLSCI	16位sLSCI	tLSCI	tLSCIv	sLSCIa
$K -$ 相关系数	0.910 4	0.970 7	1.000 0	0.915 4	0.915 4
SNR的平均值	4.861 9	6.037 1	5.781 4	5.902 8	1.318 8

Tab.2

Fig.7

References 15

[16]	RAMIREZ-SAN-JUAN J C, MENDEZ-AGUILAR E, SALAZAR-HERMENEGILDO N, et al. Effects of speckle/pixel size ratio on temporal and spatial speckle-contrast analysis of dynamic scattering systems: Implications for measurements of blood-flow dynamics[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 2013, 4(10): 1883-1889. doi: 10.1364/BOE.4.001883 URL
[17]	BANDYOPADHYAY R, GITTINGS A S, SUH S S, et al. Speckle-visibility spectroscopy: A tool to study time-varying dynamics[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2005, 76(9): 093110. doi: 10.1063/1.2037987 URL
[1]	刘洪涛, 梁振宁, 胡文, 等. 基于局部特征点检测与匹配的微悬臂梁变形受力测量方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2013, 47(12): 1842-1847.
	LIU Hongtao, LIANG Zhenning, HU Wen, et al. A method for deformation and force measurement of micro-cantilever based on local feature point detecting and matching[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2013, 47(12): 1842-1847.
[2]	FERCHER A F, BRIERS J D. Flow visualization by means of single-exposure speckle photography[J]. Optics Communications, 1981, 37(5): 326-330. doi: 10.1016/0030-4018(81)90428-4 URL
[3]	TOWLE E L, RICHARDS L M, KAZMI S M S, et al. Comparison of indocyanine green angiography and laser speckle contrast imaging for the assessment of vasculature perfusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 2012, 71(5): 1023-1030. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31826adf88 pmid: 22843129
[4]	FREDRIKSSON I, LARSSON M. On the equivalence and differences between laser Doppler flowmetry and laser speckle contrast analysis[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2016, 21: 126018. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.21.12.126018 URL
[5]	MANNOH E A, THOMAS G, SOLÓRZANO C C, et al. Intraoperative assessment of parathyroid viability using laser speckle contrast imaging[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 14798. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14941-5 pmid: 29093531
[6]	MANNOH E A, PARKER L B, THOMAS G, et al. Development of an imaging device for label-free parathyroid gland identification and vascularity assessment[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 2021, 14(6): e202100008.
[7]	HEEMAN W, STEENBERGEN W, DAM G V, et al. Clinical applications of laser speckle contrast imaging: A review[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2019, 24(8): 1-11. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.24.8.080901 pmid: 31385481
[8]	李晨曦, 陈文亮, 蒋景英, 等. 激光散斑衬比血流成像技术研究进展[J]. 中国激光, 2018, 45(2): 92-101.
	LI Chenxi, CHEN Wenliang, JIANG Jingying, et al. Laser speckle contrast imaging on in vivo blood flow: A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(2): 92-101.
[9]	RICHARDS G J, BRIERS J D. Capillary-blood-flow monitoring using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA): Improving the dynamic range[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1997, 2981: 160-171.
[10]	CHENG H Y, YAN Y M, DUONG T Q. Temporal statistical analysis of laser speckle images and its application to retinal blood-flow imaging[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(14): 10214-10219. doi: 10.1364/oe.16.010214 pmid: 18607429
[11]	MIAO P, REGE A, LI N, et al. High resolution cerebral blood flow imaging by registered laser speckle contrast analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering, 2010, 57(5): 1152-1157. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2009.2037434 pmid: 20142159
[12]	CHENG W M, ZHU X, CHEN X, et al. Manhattan distance-based adaptive 3D transform-domain collaborative filtering for laser speckle imaging of blood flow[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2019, 38(7): 1726-1735. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2019.2896007 pmid: 30714912
[13]	YUAN S. Sensitivity, noise and quantitative model of laser speckle contrast imaging[D]. USA: Medford Tufts University, 2008.
[14]	SONG L P, ELSON D S. Effect of signal intensity and camera quantization on laser speckle contrast analysis[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 2013, 4(1): 89-104. doi: 10.1364/BOE.4.000089 pmid: 23304650
[15]	HULTMAN M, FREDRIKSSON I, LARSSON M, et al. A 15.6 frames per second 1-megapixel multiple exposure laser speckle contrast imaging setup[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 2018, 11(2): e201700069.