Fig.1

Interaction of a material point x with its neighboring points x'

Fig.2

Relocation of material particle

Fig.3

Flow chart for numerical simulation

Fig.4

Peridynamic model of cylindrical ice

Tab.1

Parameter setting in numerical simulation

Fig.5

Impact force calculation results at different time steps

Fig.6

Simulation phenomena at different time steps

Fig.7

Calculation results of impact force at different particle spacings

Fig.8

Simulation phenomenon at different particle spacings

Fig.9

Impact force of cylindrical ice at a time history of vice=91.4 m/s

Fig.10

Comparison of numerical simulation phenomenon and experimental phenomenon

Fig.11

Impact force at different impact speeds

Fig.12

Simulated phenomena at different speeds

Fig.13

Calculation results of impact force of icicles of different sizes

Fig.14

Impact of icicles of different sizes

Fig.15

Calculation results of impact force at different elastic modulus values

Fig.16

Icicle impact phenomenon at different elastic modulus values

Fig.17

Calculation results of impact force under different fracture toughness conditions

Fig.18

Icicle impact phenomenon at different fracture toughness values

Fig.19

Calculation results of different Poisson’s ratios at three impact speeds

Fig.20

Different Poisson’s ratio damage effects at three impact speeds