基于电化学阻抗谱大功率燃料电池动力学分析

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.027

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1227-1237.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.027

• 新型电力系统与综合能源 • 下一篇

基于电化学阻抗谱大功率燃料电池动力学分析

朱东, 彭林法(), 邱殿凯, 杨淼

上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240

收稿日期:2025-01-23 修回日期:2025-06-25 接受日期:2025-07-18 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-09-02
通讯作者: 彭林法,教授,博士生导师;E-mail:penglinfa@sjtu.edu.cn.
作者简介:朱东(1991—),助理研究员,从事燃料电池健康管理研究.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4006304);上海市自然科学基金青年基金项目(25ZR1402289)

Kinetic Analysis of High-Power Fuel Cells Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

ZHU Dong, PENG Linfa(), QIU Diankai, YANG Miao

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received:2025-01-23 Revised:2025-06-25 Accepted:2025-07-18 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电化学阻抗谱因具有无损伤、频带宽、精度高、可车载应用等优点,近年来在质子交换膜燃料电池的研究中应用广泛,但是针对大功率电堆的阻抗谱测量和定量解析仍存在不足.本文在标准运行条件下,对大功率燃料电池电堆进行阻抗谱测量,通过快速傅里叶变换和总谐波失真分析发现,直流-直流变换器在高频处会引入谐波干扰.另外,采用基于特征频率分辨率优化的弛豫时间分布方法优化特征频率分辨率和正则化参数,实现了大功率电堆动力学极化过程的定量识别,包括催化剂层质子传输、阳极极化、电荷转移和氧气传质过程.所提阻抗谱测量和定量解析方法为大功率电堆的动力学极化过程定量识别提供了技术支持.

关键词: 大功率燃料电池, 电化学阻抗谱, 弛豫时间分布, 动力学分析

Abstract:

Owing to the merits of non-destructiveness, wide frequency range, high precision, and applicability in vehicle-mounted systems, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been widely applied in research on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in recent years. However, the impedance measurement and quantitative analysis for high-power fuel cell stacks remain understudied. In this paper, EIS measurement is performed on high-power fuel cell stacks under standard operating conditions. The impedance spectra are analyzed using fast Fourier transform and total harmonic distortion. The results indicate that the direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converter generates harmonic interference at high frequencies. Furthermore, a distribution of relaxation time method based on characteristic frequency resolution optimization is adopted to tune the relevant resolution and regularization parameters, enabling the quantitative identification of the kinetic polarization processes in high-power fuel cell stacks, including proton transport in the catalyst layer, anode polarization, charge transfer, and oxygen mass transfer processes. The proposed method for EIS measurement and quantitative analysis provides technical support for the quantitative identification of the kinetic polarization processes in high-power fuel cell stacks.

Key words: high-power fuel cell, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), distribution of relaxation time (DRT), kinetic analysis

中图分类号:

TM911.4

朱东, 彭林法, 邱殿凯, 杨淼. 基于电化学阻抗谱大功率燃料电池动力学分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(8): 1227-1237.

ZHU Dong, PENG Linfa, QIU Diankai, YANG Miao. Kinetic Analysis of High-Power Fuel Cells Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(8): 1227-1237.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表1

参考文献 21

[1]	LÜ X Q, QU Y, WANG Y D, et al. A comprehensive review on hybrid power system for PEMFC-HEV: Issues and strategies[J]. Energy Conversion & Management, 2018, 171: 1273-1291.
[2]	PAREKH A. Recent developments of proton exchange membranes for PEMFC: A review[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022, 10: 956132. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.956132 URL
[3]	REN P, PEI P C, LI Y H, et al. Degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under typical automotive operating conditions[J]. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 2020, 80: 100859.
[4]	KURTZ J, SPRIK S, SAUR G, et al. Fuel cell electric vehicle durability and fuel cell performance[R/OL].(2019-03-13)[2025-01-18]. https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73011.pdf.
[5]	WANG J B, YANG B, ZENG C Y, et al. Recent advances and summarization of fault diagnosis techniques for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems: A critical overview[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 500: 229932. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229932 URL
[6]	LU H X, CHEN J, YAN C Z, et al. On-line fault diagnosis for proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on a fast electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 430: 233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.028 URL
[7]	BARSOUKOV E, MACDONALD J R. Impedance spectroscopy:Theory, experiment, and applications[M]. 3rd ed. Hoboken, USA: Wiley, 2018.
[8]	YUAN X, WANG H, COLINSUN J, et al. AC impedance technique in PEM fuel cell diagnosis: A review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(17): 4365-4380. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.05.036 URL
[9]	SUN R L, XIA Z X, YANG C R, et al. Experimental measurement of proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 2020, 30(6): 912-917. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2020.10.016 URL
[10]	MA T C, LIN W K, ZHANG Z L, et al. Research on electrochemical impedance spectroscope behavior of fuel cell stack under different reactant relative humidity[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(33): 17388-17396. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.156 URL
[11]	HUANG J, LI Z, LIAW B Y, et al. Graphical analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data in Bode and Nyquist representations[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 309: 82-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.01.073 URL
[12]	TANG Z P, HUANG Q A, WANG Y J, et al. Recent progress in the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the measurement, monitoring, diagnosis and optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 468: 228361. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228361 URL
[13]	MACDONALD J R. Three to six ambiguities in immittance spectroscopy data fitting[J]. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2012, 24(17): 175004. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/17/175004 URL
[14]	WEIß A, SCHINDLER S, GALBIATI S, et al. Distribution of relaxation times analysis of high-temperature PEM fuel cell impedance spectra[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 230: 391-398. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.011 URL
[15]	HEINZMANN M, WEBER A, IVERS-TIFFÉE E. Advanced impedance study of polymer electrolyte membrane single cells by means of distribution of relaxation times[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 402: 24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.004 URL
[16]	YUAN H, DAI H F, MING P W, et al. Quantitative analysis of internal polarization dynamics for po-lymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by distribution of relaxation times of impedance[J]. Applied Energy, 2021, 303: 117640. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117640 URL
[17]	ZHU D, YANG Y B, PEI F L, et al. High-precision identification of polarization processes of distribution of relaxation times by polarization curve model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Energy Conversion & Management, 2022, 268: 115994.
[18]	ZHU D, MA T C, YANG Y B. Optimization and application of the distribution of relaxation times based on characteristic frequency resolution and hyperparameters[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 545: 231955. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231955 URL
[19]	SCHÖNLEBER M, KLOTZ D, IVERS-TIFFÉE E. A method for improving the robustness of linear Kramers-Kronig validity tests[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 131: 20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.034 URL
[20]	SHEN J B, HOMAYOUNI H, WANG J C. Converter-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for high-power fuel cell stacks with resonant controllers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 68(9): 8819-8828. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.3016250 URL
[21]	GINER-SANZ J J, ORTEGA E M, PÉREZ-HERRANZ V. Optimization of the perturbation amplitude for impedance measurements in a commercial PEM fuel cell using total harmonic distortion[J]. Fuel Cells, 2016, 16(4): 469-479. doi: 10.1002/fuce.v16.4 URL

电流密度/ (A· cm^-2)	R_oh/ (mΩ· cm²)	R_ac/ (mΩ· cm²)	R_co/ (mΩ· cm²)	R_p/ (mΩ· m²)	R_a/ (mΩ· cm²)
0.2	41.1	187.7	103.7	7.5	7.5
0.4	42.4	143.5	102.6	6.6	6.5
0.6	42.4	127.3	114.7	3.7	6.6
0.8	42.5	114.9	116.5	4.5	4.5
1.0	41.4	98.8	103.9	5.3	5.2
1.2	41.8	85.0	101.1	5.1	5.1
1.4	40.2	76.2	94.5	3.3	8.1
1.6	40.6	71.1	100.7	2.9	7.6
1.8	40.0	64.9	97.7	4.1	7.3

基于电化学阻抗谱大功率燃料电池动力学分析

Kinetic Analysis of High-Power Fuel Cells Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 21

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	王阳达, 王建国, 连冠, 张大骋. 基于弛豫时间的不同工况下直接甲醇燃料电池性能退化分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(2): 289-299.
[2]	苏雨临, 连冠, 张大骋. 等效电路模型法预测动态工况下微型直接甲醇燃料电池剩余使用寿命[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(10): 1575-1584.
[3]	张成翊, 徐雪松. 波浪动力滑翔机母船与牵引机运动传递关系[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2018, 52(2): 127-132.
[4]	顾艳红1，马慧娟1，高辉1，车俊铁1，焦向东1，田路1,2. 16Mn钢摩擦螺柱焊接头的微观组织与局部腐蚀[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2017, 51(11): 1348-1354.
[5]	王盛炜，徐雪松，姚宝恒，连琏. 针对立管重入井过程中等路径段加速度的改进型蚁群优化算法[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2013, 47(10): 1585-1590.
[6]	张远娇1, 邢爱国1, 朱继良2. 汶川地震触发牛圈沟高速远程滑坡-碎屑流动力学特性分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2012, 46(10): 1665-1670.