考虑极端天气的虚拟电厂参与辅助服务市场策略研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对虚拟电厂盈利模式有限、收益不稳定的问题,提出通过虚拟电厂内部光伏并网变流器的控制,使其参与无功辅助服务市场以获取调压收益.该方法可在极端天气场景下保障系统电压稳定性,同时扩充虚拟电厂的收益渠道.在此基础上,构建考虑需求响应的虚拟电厂参与辅助服务市场的双层优化模型:上层以虚拟电厂综合收益最大化为目标,下层以虚拟电厂柔性负荷用电成本最小化为目标,并利用KKT条件将双层模型转化为单层模型进行求解.算例研究表明,该策略不仅在极端天气下为虚拟电厂参与辅助服务市场带来稳定收益,在正常天气下同样具有有效性和适应性.

关键词: 虚拟电厂, 需求响应, 无功辅助服务, 极端天气

Abstract:

To address the issues of limited profit methods and unstable earnings for virtual power plants (VPPs), the control of the grid-connected inverters within the photovoltaic systems of VPPs is optimized, enabling them to participate in the reactive power auxiliary services market to gain voltage regulation revenue, which ensures voltage stability under extreme weather scenarios and expands the revenue channels for the VPP. Additionally, a two-layer optimization model for VPPs to participate in the auxiliary services market considering demand response is established, with the upper layer being a comprehensive revenue maximization model for the VPP and the lower layer being a cost minimization model for the flexible load electricity consumption of the VPP. The model is solved by transforming the two-layer model into a single-layer model using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Case studies demonstrate that this strategy enables VPPs to secure stable profits in the auxiliary service market during extreme weather events, while remaining effective and adaptable under normal operating conditions.

Key words: virtual power plant (VPP), demand response, reactive power auxiliary services, extreme weather

中图分类号:

TM732

李杰, 梁文腾, 刘宇恒, 李蓝青, 胡秦然. 考虑极端天气的虚拟电厂参与辅助服务市场策略研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(4): 574-583.

LI Jie, LIANG Wenteng, LIU Yuheng, LI Lanqing, HU Qinran. Strategies of Virtual Power Plants Participating in Auxiliary Service Market Under Extreme Weather Conditions[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(4): 574-583.

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时间段	电价/[元· (kW·h)^-1]	时间段	电价/[元· (kW·h)^-1]
0:00—6:00	0.3583	18:00—21:00	0.5583
6:00—8:00	0.5283	21:00—22:00	0.5283
8:00—11:00	0.5583	22:00—24:00	0.3583
11:00—18:00	0.5283	—	—

参数	恒功率因数运行	并网变流器优化控制	对比
调峰收益	1.235	1.235	0.000
柔性负荷供电收益	0.034	1.588	+1.554
无功收益	1.462	1.928	+0.466
运行成本	1.234	0.517	-0.717
购电成本	1.321	1.437	+0.116
弃光惩罚	0.000	0.015	+0.015
综合收益	0.176	2.782	+2.606

参数	夏季典型日	冬季典型日
调峰收益	1.000	1.654
柔性负荷供电收益	1.531	1.501
无功收益	0.000	0.000
运行成本	0.120	0.232
购电成本	0.988	0.980
弃光惩罚	0.003	0.000
综合收益	1.420	1.943