基于频域方法的漂浮式风力机水动力-气动力-控制耦合动力响应特性研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.251

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

风浪流联合作用下浮式风力机动力响应时域计算方法已经得到较为充分的研究和发展,但是计算效率相对较低,在浮式风电场机组排布优化以及浮式风力机和系泊系统初步设计方案优化中应用时需要巨大计算资源,因此本文聚焦于可实现浮式风力机动力响应快速计算的频域分析方法,同时考虑一阶和二阶波浪载荷、风轮脉动风载荷、细长杆件黏性载荷、系泊系统以及风力机变桨控制策略等多种环境载荷因素.首先,针对风力机额定以下作业、变桨作业以及停机等不同工况,将频域方法计算结果与OrcaFlex软件时域预报结果进行了对比分析,二者在动态响应频谱及统计值方面都有较好的一致性,验证了本文频域分析方法的适用性及准确性,为浮式风力机的初步设计及参数敏感性分析提供可靠的参考价值;进一步,基于该频域方法,研究了风浪参数、二阶波浪力以及是否考虑风力机控制策略对浮式风力机动力响应特性的影响.

关键词: 浮式风力机, 频域方法, 载荷线性化, 动力响应, 二阶波浪力

Abstract:

The time-domain calculation method for the dynamic response of floating wind turbines under the combined action of wind, waves, and flow has been extensively researched and developed. However, due to its low computational efficiency, substantial computational resources are required when applying this method to optimize the layout of units in a floating wind farm and to optimize the preliminary design of floating wind turbines and mooring systems. Therefore, this paper focuses on the frequency-domain analysis method enabling rapid calculation of the dynamic response of floating wind turbines. It comprehensively considers various environmental load factors, including first- and second-order wave loads, pulsating wind loads on the turbine, slender member viscous loads, mooring systems, and wind turbine pitch control strategies. For different operating conditions such as below-rated operation, pitch operation, and shutdown, the results obtained from the frequency-domain method were compared and analyzed with the time-domain prediction results from OrcaFlex software. Both methods show good consistency in terms of steady-state response, dynamic response spectra, and statistical values, thus validating the applicability and accuracy of the frequency-domain analysis method in providing reliable reference value for the preliminary design and parameter sensitivity analysis of floating wind turbines. Furthermore, based on the frequency-domain method, the influence of wind-wave parameters, second-order wave forces, and the implementation of wind turbine control strategies on the dynamic response characteristics of floating wind turbines was studied.

Key words: floating wind turbine, frequency-domain method, load linearization, dynamic response, second-order wave forces

中图分类号:

P751

京炅琳, 许玉旺, 杨舟, 宋斌, 张萌萌, 任浩杰. 基于频域方法的漂浮式风力机水动力-气动力-控制耦合动力响应特性研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(3): 364-376.

JING Jionglin, XU Yuwang, YANG Zhou, SONG Bin, ZHANG Mengmeng, REN Haojie. Coupled Hydro-Aero-Servo Dynamic Response Analysis of Floating Wind Turbines Based on Frequency-Domain Method[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(3): 364-376.

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参数	设计值	参数	设计值
功率/MW	5	悬垂/m,仰角/(°),锥角/(°)	5,5,2.5
机型	三叶片迎风式	齿轮箱减速比	97: 1
叶片直径/m,轮毂直径/m	126,3	切入,额定,切出风速/(m·s^-1)	3,11.4,25
轮毂高度/m	90	叶片质量/kg	110 000
塔架高度/m	87.6	机舱质量/kg	240 000
塔架底端直径/m	6	塔筒质量/kg	347 460
塔架顶端直径/m	3.87	风轮额定推力/kN	712.4

参数	设计值	参数	设计值
平台吃水/m	20	斜撑直径/m	1.6
中浮筒直径/m	6.5	侧浮筒中心距/m	50
中浮筒高度/m	32	平台总质量/kg	1.347 3×10⁷
侧底部浮筒直径/m	24	平台质心高度/m	-13.46
侧底部浮筒高度/m	6	横摇转动惯量/(kg·m²)	6.827×10⁹
侧上部浮筒直径/m	12	纵摇转动惯量/(kg·m²)	6.827×10⁹
侧上部浮筒高度/m	26	艏摇转动惯量/(kg·m²)	1.226×10⁷

工况号	工况	H_s/m	T_p/s	v/(m·s^-1)	浮式风力机状态
C1	额定海况无风	1.86	8.98	—	停机
C2	风浪同向	1.86	8.98	16	运行、不变桨
C3	风浪同向	1.86	8.98	16	运行、变桨
C4	停机	7.3	12	46.2	停机、顺桨

工况号	纵荡/m		垂荡/m		纵摇/(°)
工况号	频域	时域	频域	时域	频域	时域
C1	0.22	0.24	-0.06	-0.06	0.01	0.01
C2	5.06	5.30	-0.08	-0.09	1.84	2.05
C3	5.11	6.17	-0.08	-0.09	1.87	2.06
C4	1.42	1.44	-0.06	-0.06	0.01	0.01

工况号	纵荡/m		垂荡/m		纵摇/(°)
工况号	频域	时域	频域	时域	频域	时域
C1	0.301	0.337	0.060 0	0.057 8	0.130	0.122
C2	6.27	6.55	0.060 5	0.063 7	1.39	1.88
C3	2.89	3.16	0.060 1	0.060 3	1.14	1.43
C4	1.91	1.80	0.469	0.448	5.91	5.44