主屏蔽罩电位分布对真空灭弧室内部绝缘性能影响

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.553

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

真空断路器作为一种环保型开关设备,具有广泛的应用前景,但其在单断口和多断口结构中均存在真空灭弧室主屏蔽罩电位分布不均问题,且在罐式结构中该问题更为显著.为研究主屏蔽罩电位分布对真空灭弧室内部绝缘性能的影响,本文建立了真空灭弧室主屏蔽罩分压模型,并利用COMSOL软件进行仿真计算.通过在真空灭弧室外侧构造电容以调节主屏蔽罩电位占断口电位的比例,得到主屏蔽罩电位变化对内部电场分布的影响规律.在此基础上,以10 kV真空灭弧室为对象,开展不同主屏蔽罩分压比例下的工频耐压与雷电冲击耐压实验.结果表明:真空灭弧室内部电场强度随主屏蔽罩电位的升高呈先下降后上升的趋势,当主屏蔽罩分压为50%时,真空灭弧室内部最大场强达到最小值.实验与仿真结果基本一致:在触头开距为6 mm的条件下,主屏蔽罩电位为断口间电位50%时工频击穿电压提高5.4%, 雷电冲击电压提高6.7%.本研究为提升真空灭弧室内部绝缘性能以及推动更高电压等级真空断路器的应用提供了参考.

关键词: 真空灭弧室, 主屏蔽罩电位, 电场仿真, 绝缘性能

Abstract:

As an environmentally friendly switchgear technology, vacuum circuit breakers have a wide range of application prospects. However, both single and break vacuum circuit breakers face the issues of uneven potential distribution in the main shielding case of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, with more prominent potential imbalance in the tank structure. To study the effect of the potential distribution of the main shielding cover on the internal insulation performance of a vacuum interrupter, a partial voltage model of the main shielding case of a vacuum interrupter is established. The COMSOL software is used to calculate and analyze the effect of the main shielding case potential change on the internal electric field by placing an external capacitor around the vacuum interrupter to adjust the share of the main shielding case potential in the inter-fracture potential. Based on the simulation results, power frequency and lightning impulse withstand voltage experiments are conducted on a 10 kV vacuum arc extinguishing chamber at different main shielding case voltages. The results show that the internal electric field strength decreases and then increases as the main shielding case potential rises, with the minimum peak field strength inside the vacuum interrupter occurring at 50% main shielding voltage. The simulation and experimental results are basically consistent. At a contact distance of 6 mm, the power frequency breakdown voltage increases by 5.4% and the lightning impulse voltage increases by 6.7% when the potential of the main shielding case is 50% of the inter fracture potential. This study provides reference for improving the internal insulation performance of vacuum arc extinguishing chambers and for the application of higher voltage level vacuum circuit breakers.

Key words: vacuum interrupter, main shield potential, electric field simulation, insulation performance

中图分类号:

TM561

程显, 李冠军, 葛国伟, 杜帅, 张万隆. 主屏蔽罩电位分布对真空灭弧室内部绝缘性能影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(10): 1546-1557.

CHENG Xian, LI Guanjun, GE Guowei, DU Shuai, ZHANG Wanlong. Effect of Potential Distribution of Main Shield on Internal Insulation Performance of Vacuum Interrupter[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(10): 1546-1557.

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电极	1	2	3	4
1	0.4273	5.9527	1.4195	1.0710
2	5.9527	0.7127	5.8175	1.9235
3	1.4195	5.8175	0.6031	1.8482
4	1.0709	1.9234	1.8484	10.0531