考虑5G基站通信负载和备用储能调控的配电网分布式优化

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.123

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 628-641.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.123

• 新型电力系统与综合能源 • 上一篇下一篇

考虑5G基站通信负载和备用储能调控的配电网分布式优化

原凯¹, 王菲菲², 张沈习²^,³(), 孙充勃¹, 宋毅¹, 侯若松⁴, 程浩忠²

¹ 国网经济技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
² 上海交通大学电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室, 上海 200240
³ 上海交通大学上海非碳基能源转换与利用研究院, 上海 200240
⁴ 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院, 石家庄 050021

收稿日期:2024-04-11 修回日期:2024-06-11 接受日期:2024-06-28 出版日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2026-04-29
通讯作者: 张沈习 E-mail:willzsx@sjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:原凯(1989—),博士,高级工程师,从事能源互联网和配电网的规划与运行相关研究.
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-228-XG)

Distributed Optimization of Distribution Network Considering Regulation of 5G Base Station Communication Load and Backup Energy Storage

YUAN Kai¹, WANG Feifei², ZHANG Shenxi²^,³(), SUN Chongbo¹, SONG Yi¹, HOU Ruosong⁴, CHENG Haozhong²

¹ State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
² Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Transformation of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
³ Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
⁴ Economic and Technical Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050021, China

Received:2024-04-11 Revised:2024-06-11 Accepted:2024-06-28 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-04-29
Contact: ZHANG Shenxi E-mail:willzsx@sjtu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

5G基站正处于规模化应用的关键时期,但其高能耗所带来的经济性问题,已成为制约其发展的重要因素之一.与此同时,5G基站通常配备储能电池以保障供电可靠性,这部分闲置容量为电力系统提供了可灵活调节的资源.为降低5G基站功耗并充分挖掘储能资源的调节潜力,本文首先建立了5G基站功耗模型,分析大量移动用户接入对基站备用储能可调度能量的影响.在此基础上,基于能量边界投影构建了备用储能的聚合调控模型,并考虑5G基站运营商参与电能交易的情形,建立合作博弈模型,采用交替方向乘子法求解.算例分析结果表明:通信负载转移策略能够有效降低5G基站在低负载时段的功耗,增加储能可调度能量;所提出的分布式优化运行模型能有效实现5G基站等利益主体间的互利共赢.

关键词: 5G基站, 通信负载, 备用储能, 交替方向乘子法

Abstract:

5G base stations are in a critical period of large-scale application, and high energy consumption poses economic challenges that hinder their development. At the same time, 5G base stations are usually equipped with energy storage batteries to ensure power supply reliability, of which idle energy provides flexible and dispatchable resources for the power grid. To reduce the power consumption of 5G base stations and make full use of energy storage resources, first, a 5G base station power consumption model is developed, and the impact of massive access of mobile users on backup energy storage and dispatchable energy of the 5G base station is analyzed. Then, a backup energy storage aggregation regulation model is established based on energy boundary projection. Finally, a cooperative game model is constructed considering the participation of 5G base station operators in power transactions, and solved by using the alternating direction multiplier method. The calculation example analysis shows that communication load transfer can effectively reduce the power consumption of 5G base stations in low load periods and increase the dispatchable energy of energy storage. The proposed distributed optimization operation model can effectively achieve mutual benefits for 5G base stations and other stakeholders.

Key words: 5G base station, communication load, backup energy storage, alternating direction method of multipliers

中图分类号:

TM732

原凯, 王菲菲, 张沈习, 孙充勃, 宋毅, 侯若松, 程浩忠. 考虑5G基站通信负载和备用储能调控的配电网分布式优化[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(4): 628-641.

YUAN Kai, WANG Feifei, ZHANG Shenxi, SUN Chongbo, SONG Yi, HOU Ruosong, CHENG Haozhong. Distributed Optimization of Distribution Network Considering Regulation of 5G Base Station Communication Load and Backup Energy Storage[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(4): 628-641.

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参数	数值
AAU休眠状态功耗/kW	0.1
BBU激活、休眠状态功耗/kW	0.3,0.2
储能额定能量/(kW·h)	20
储能最大充放电功率/kW	5
储能荷电状态上、下限	0.9,0.1
储能充、放电效率	0.9

时段	售电电价/ [元·(kW·h)^-1]
23:00—7:00	0.58
7:00—10:00, 13:00—17:00, 22:00—23:00	0.86
10:00—13:00, 17:00—22:00	1.18

利益主体	参与合作	不参与合作
配电网	26259.87	25479.45
分布式风电	609.40	427.68
分布式光伏	211.58	161.73
5G基站	-739.99	-1552.39

利益主体	场景1	场景2
配电网	26259.87	26493.98
分布式风电	609.40	612.94
分布式光伏	211.58	211.25
5G基站	-739.99	-972.78

考虑5G基站通信负载和备用储能调控的配电网分布式优化

Distributed Optimization of Distribution Network Considering Regulation of 5G Base Station Communication Load and Backup Energy Storage

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