考虑定制电力违约风险的分布式储能分级定价策略

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.481

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对分布式储能为敏感用户提供多种定制电力服务的盈利模式与交易定价问题,提出了一种分布式储能提供无功补偿、电压暂降和谐波治理等多种定制电力服务的分级定价方法.首先,基于储能变流器的四象限运行特性,考虑用户差异化电能质量需求建立了定制电力服务分级评估指标,并构建了不同电能质量等级下储能提供定制电力服务的容量成本估计模型.其次,建立了考虑电能质量经济损失的用户定制电力效用函数及其个人理性购电约束,构建了考虑电能质量违约风险的分布式储能定制电力收益模型以及储能投资成本约束,在此基础上提出了分布式储能提供差异化定制电力服务的分层协同交易框架及其分级定价优化策略.最后,通过大M线性化和用户效用函数约束化处理将非线性储能定制电力分级定价模型转化为混合整数线性规划模型进行优化求解,获得优质电力最优附加电价和用户购电套餐.算例对比分析验证了所提策略在提升储能年运营收益的同时可降低用户定制电力成本.

关键词: 分布式储能, 定制电力, 条件风险价值, 分级定价, 混合整数规划

Abstract:

To address the problems in the profit model and transaction pricing of distributed energy storage providing multiple customized power services for sensitive customers, a multi-grade pricing strategy for distributed energy storage to provide various customized power services is proposed, including reactive power compensation, voltage sag control, and harmonic control. First, based on the four-quadrant operation characteristics of energy storage converter, a multi-grade evaluation indicator system of customized power services is established considering the differentiated user demands for power quality. Then, a cost-to-capacity model is developed for energy storage to provide customized power services in different power quality standards. Next, by taking economic loss of power quality into account, a user customized power utility function is established with individual rational constraint. Afterwards, considering power quality default risk and investment cost constraints, a customized power revenue model of distributed energy storage is constructed. Furthermore, a multi-grade trading framework for distributed energy storage to provide differentiated customized power services and its multi-grade pricing optimization strategy are proposed. Finally, in order to obtain the optimal additional tariff and user purchase package for premium power, the nonlinear multi-grade pricing model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming model for optimization by using the big M method and transforming the user utility function into a constraint. The comparative analysis of the algorithm demonstrates that the proposed strategy can reduce the annual cost of customized power services for users while simultaneously enhancing the energy storage revenue.

Key words: distributed energy storage, customized power, conditional value-at-risk, multi-grade pricing, mixed integer programming

中图分类号:

TM714

方珺, 何德, 裴志刚, 彭智慧, 鲍洁滢, 刘维康, 周斌. 考虑定制电力违约风险的分布式储能分级定价策略[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(9): 1359-1369.

FANG Jun, HE De, PEI Zhigang, PENG Zhihui, BAO Jieying, LIU Weikang, ZHOU Bin. A Multi-Grade Pricing Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage Considering Default Risks of Customized Power Services[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(9): 1359-1369.

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等级	功率因数	3次谐波电流允许值/ [A·(MV·A)^-1]	年电压暂降事故次数
H1	≥0.85	≤0.20	≤10
H2	≥0.90	≤0.18	≤10
H3	≥0.90	≤0.16	≤5
H4	≥0.95	≤0.14	≤5
H5	≥0.95	≤0.12	≤2
H6	≥0.95	≤0.10	0

用户	年用电量/ (MW·h)	电压暂降敏感负荷/kW	功率因数	3次谐波电流/A	经济损失函数参数
用户	年用电量/ (MW·h)	电压暂降敏感负荷/kW	功率因数	3次谐波电流/A	a_j_,2	a_j_,1	L_j_,0
1	265	51	0.76	2.52	0.010 5	-0.085	0.5
2	230	31	0.73	1.39	0.012 1	-0.100	0.5
3	230	30	0.73	2.21	0.014 0	-0.135	1.05
4	270	82	0.85	1.17	0.015 1	-0.140	0.5
5	198	25	0.73	1.04	0.018 5	-0.166	0.5
6	440	115	0.85	8.98	0.018 1	-0.170	0.5
7	245	33	0.75	0.74	0.011 0	-0.095	1.05
8	189	29	0.76	1.11	0.012 0	-0.140	0.5
9	248	65	0.84	4.01	0.009 0	-0.075	0.5
10	290	81	0.84	1.90	0.009 6	-0.080	0.5

等级	附加电价/[元·(kW·h)^-1]
H1	0.048 8
H2	0.057 3
H3	0.058 7
H4	0.059 0
H5	0.061 0
H6	0.062 2

用户	购电套餐	定制电力服务费/ (元·a^-1)	减少的用电经济损失/(元·a^-1)	总效用/ (元·a^-1)
1	H4	15 635.00	45 580.00	29 944.00
2	H6	14 299.85	37 977.60	23 677.75
3	H5	14 028.69	74 750.00	60 721.31
4	H3	15 854.74	76 707.00	60 852.26
5	H5	12 076.87	73 223.37	61 146.50
6	H5	26 837.49	175 120.00	148 282.51
7	H3	14 386.71	45 570.00	31 183.29
8	H6	11 750.75	77 112.00	65 361.25
9	H3	14 562.87	35 712.00	21 149.13
10	H4	17 110.00	48 218.88	31 108.88

经济指标	金额/(元·a^-1)	收益(成本)与总收益(总成本) 之比/%
电能质量治理收益	156 542.97	41.10
峰谷套利收益	214 263.25	56.26
新能源消纳收益	10 037.46	2.64
储能定制电力总成本	136 628.56	96.13
违约风险成本	5 506.69	3.87
储能总收益	238 708.43	—