卫星对空中动态目标凝视成像姿态规划方法

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.425

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (4): 411-418.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.425

• 航空航天 • 下一篇

卫星对空中动态目标凝视成像姿态规划方法

杜宁¹^,³, 吴树范¹(), 陈占胜², 陈文晖³, 王世耀³, 徐家国³, 秦栋栋³

1.上海交通大学航空航天学院, 上海 200240
2.上海航天技术研究院卫星工程研究所, 上海 201109
3.上海航天技术研究院航天控制技术研究所, 上海 201109

收稿日期:2022-10-28 修回日期:2022-12-13 接受日期:2023-02-01 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2024-04-30
通讯作者: 吴树范,教授,博士生导师,电话(Tel.):021-34208597;E-mail:shufan.wu@sjtu.edu.cn.
作者简介:杜宁(1984-),博士生,从事卫星姿态与轨道控制技术研究.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金企业联合基金重点项目(U20B2054)

Attitude Planning Method of Satellite Staring Imaging to Aerial Dynamic Target

DU Ning¹^,³, WU Shufan¹(), CHEN Zhansheng², CHEN Wenhui³, WANG Shiyao³, XU Jiaguo³, QIN Dongdong³

1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai 201109, China
3. Institute of Spaceflight Control Technology, Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai 201109, China

Received:2022-10-28 Revised:2022-12-13 Accepted:2023-02-01 Online:2024-04-28 Published:2024-04-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对低轨卫星面阵相机对空中动态目标凝视成像需求,提出卫星平台根据像面脱靶量进行目标位置估计和凝视姿态规划方法.基于空中动态目标飞行高度的先验知识,以目标地理经纬度和经纬度变化率为状态量,以目标中心像素值为观测量,设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器,实现目标地理经纬度的精确估计和预报.在此基础上,规划卫星姿态和角速度,避免了目标像素噪声和延时对姿态稳定度的影响,并实现了单星对目标位置估计.通过数学仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.

关键词: 空中动态目标, 凝视成像, 姿态规划, 单星定位, 扩展卡尔曼滤波

Abstract:

Aimed at the staring imaging requirements of the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite array camera for aerial dynamic targets, a method for target position estimation and staring attitude planning based on image miss-distance of the satellite platform is proposed. Based on the prior knowledge of the flying altitude of the aerial dynamic target, taking the latitude and longitude change rate of the target geography as the state quantity and the central pixel value of the target as the observation, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed to realize the accurate smooth estimation and prediction of the geographical latitude and longitude of the target. On this basis, the attitude and angular velocity of the satellite are planned, the influence of target pixel noise and delay on attitude stability is avoided, and the position estimation of a single satellite to target is realized. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical simulation.

Key words: aerial dynamic target, staring imaging, attitude planning, positioning of single satellite, extended Kalman filter (EKF)

中图分类号:

V448.21

杜宁, 吴树范, 陈占胜, 陈文晖, 王世耀, 徐家国, 秦栋栋. 卫星对空中动态目标凝视成像姿态规划方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(4): 411-418.

DU Ning, WU Shufan, CHEN Zhansheng, CHEN Wenhui, WANG Shiyao, XU Jiaguo, QIN Dongdong. Attitude Planning Method of Satellite Staring Imaging to Aerial Dynamic Target[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(4): 411-418.

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参数	取值
轨道高度/km	700
轨道倾角/(°)	35
目标标称飞行高度/km	10
目标实际飞行高度/km	11
目标飞行速度/(m·s^-1)	340
相机视场/(°)×(°)	4×4
像素尺寸/μm	30
脱靶量噪声/像素	0.5 (1σ)
脱靶量延时/s	1
星敏感器噪声/(″)	3 (3σ)
陀螺随机游走/[(°)·h^-1/2]	0.005
卫星转动惯量/(kg·m²)	[33 46 58]
飞轮最大角动量/(N·m·s)	4
飞轮最大力矩/(N·m)	0.1

卫星对空中动态目标凝视成像姿态规划方法

Attitude Planning Method of Satellite Staring Imaging to Aerial Dynamic Target

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