基于数据驱动的核电设备状态评估研究综述

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.502

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

核电设备全生命周期的状态评估对提高核电厂安全性、经济性影响重大.以往国内核电厂对系统、设备、构筑物的运维评估手段多依赖于设备自身报警机制、简单阈值判断或者现场工程师经验.随着在线监测系统在核电厂的应用实施和海量设备运行数据的积累,利用数据驱动技术进行设备健康状态评估已经成为行业关注重点.对此,介绍核电在线监测系统现状,分析主要核电设备存在的常见故障,并将核电设备的状态评估归纳为异常检测、寿命预测和故障诊断共3大问题,分别综述其研究和应用现状,重点阐述深度学习技术在该领域的应用潜力.在此基础上,进一步分析核电厂设备状态评估面临的挑战和可能的解决方案.

关键词: 核电设备, 状态评估, 异常检测, 寿命预测, 故障诊断

Abstract:

The condition assessment of the entire life cycle of nuclear power equipment has a significant impact on improving the safety and economy of nuclear power plants. In the past, operation and maintenance of systems, equipment, and structures of domestic nuclear power plants, mostly relied on the alarm mechanism of equipments, the simple threshold judgments of parameters, or the empirical judgments of engineers. With the implementation of online monitoring system in nuclear power plants, a large number of equipment operation data have been accumulated, and the use of data-driven technology to assess the health of equipment has become the focus of attention in the industry. In this paper, the current situation of the online monitoring system of nuclear power equipment was introduced and the common malfunction of nuclear power equipment was analyzed. The condition assessment of nuclear power equipment were categorized into three major problems (i.e., anomaly detection, life prediction, and fault diagnosis), the situation of research and application were summarized respectively, and the application potential of deep learning technology in this field was emphasized. Based on this, the challenges and possible solutions to the condition assessment of nuclear power plant equipment were further analyzed.

Key words: nuclear power equipment, condition assessment, anomaly detection, life prediction, fault diagnosis

中图分类号:

TM623.7

许勇, 蔡云泽, 宋林. 基于数据驱动的核电设备状态评估研究综述[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(3): 267-278.

XU Yong, CAI Yunze, SONG Lin. Review of Research on Condition Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Equipment Based on Data-Driven[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(3): 267-278.

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类型	常见设备	主要故障模式
泵	主冷却剂泵、屏蔽泵、离心泵、真空泵、隔膜泵、容积泵等	无法启动或启动后性劣化等
阀门	气动阀、电动阀、手动阀、截止阀、爆破阀、液动阀、卸压阀、安全阀、闸阀等	内漏、外漏、不能开、不能关、堵塞、性能下降(振动、异音)等
热交换器	蒸汽发生器和凝集器,包括板式、管壳式、表面式、混合式等	泄漏、热性能降级、失去完整结构等
容器	反应堆压力容器、主回路稳压器、其他类容器、离子交换柱等	泄漏、腐蚀、失去完整结构等
其他	管道及附件	泄漏、堵塞、性能劣化等

类型	常见设备	主要故障模式
一次设备	变压器、互感器	绝缘不合格、性能劣化(温升过高、异音、放电)等
电机	交流发电机、励磁机、电动机等	无法启动、绝缘不合格、轴承过热、性能劣化(异音、振动大)等
动作机构	断路器、继电器、开关站等	不能动作、误动作、性能劣化(跳闸、动作迟缓、噪声大)等
其他	母线、电缆等	绝缘不合格、性能劣化(绝缘降低、过热、接触电阻过大)等

类型	常见设备	主要故障模式
传感器	核测探测器、液位传感器、流量传感器、温度传感器、速度传感器等	测量漂移、无法正常显示、输出不稳定、相应迟缓、探测器老化等
控制系统	各类微机控制器、模拟量卡件、数字量卡件、网关、交换机、服务器等	卡件故障、服务器、交换机、网关无法工作、控制系统软件异常等