压气机退失速控制的数值仿真

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2020.261

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究退喘阀快速开启时退失速有效性和稳定性的影响因素及其流场机理,对退失速的动态过程进行了数值仿真,并比较了不同放气速度的退失速过程.使用了两种数值模拟方法:分布式变转速MG(Moore & Greitzer)模型和RANS(雷诺平均Navier-Stokes)方程.两者对性能曲线的预测在趋势上吻合较好.RANS结果显示,以不同速度开阀,退失速过程流场变化本质上相同,扰动受由入口产生的高速气流影响向下游迁移,并最终位于转子前缘平面,其尺度会随着轴向高速气流的冲击进一步减小直到完全消散.对比不同开阀速度可知,开阀越快,入口产生的高速气流越强,使得退失速时间越短;扰动削弱程度越大,扰动的周向传播速度越快,越接近转子转速.开阀过程中,气流波动会更剧烈,能量损失更多.

关键词: 失速, 退喘阀门控制, 分布式变转速MG模型, 数值模拟, 流场机理分析

Abstract:

In order to explore the influencing factors of the effectiveness and stability for stall recovery and its flow mechanism when the antisurge valve is opened quickly, the dynamic stall recovery processes are simulated and the recovery processes at different discharging speeds are emphatically compared. Two numerical simulation methods, i.e., the distributed speed-changeable MG (Moore-Greitzer) model and the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) equation are used. The performance curves predicated by the two models agree well. The results of RANS show that the flow field changes are essentially the same when the valve is opened at different speeds. The disturbance, affected by the high-speed air flow generated at the inlet, moves downstream and finally reaches the leading edge of the rotor, whose scale will be further reduced with the impact of axial high-speed flow until completely dissipated. A comparison of different valve opening speeds indicates that the faster the valve is opened, the stronger the high-speed air flow generated at the inlet, shortening the stall recovery time. The greater the disturbance weakening degree, the faster the circumferential propagation speed of the disturbance, and the closer to the rotor speed. In the process of valve opening, the air flow fluctuation is more intense, and more energy is lost.

Key words: stall, antisurge valve control, distributed speed-changeable Moore-Greitzer model, numerical simulation, flow mechanism analysis

中图分类号:

V231.3

高原, 吴亚东, 欧阳华. 压气机退失速控制的数值仿真[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(11): 1343-1351.

GAO Yuan, WU Yadong, OUYANG Hua. Numerical Simulation of Compressor Stall Recovery Control[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(11): 1343-1351.

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设计参数	数值
设计流量/(kg·s^-1)	6.8
额定转速/(r·min^-1)	3000
机匣半径/mm	300
轮毂半径/mm	225
转子叶片数	46
静子叶片数	44
动叶顶部间隙/mm	0.1

选取参数	数值
R/m	0.265
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1.18
L_c/m	3
V_p/m³	0.424
A_c/m²	0.124
a_s/(m·s^-1)	340
I/(kg·m^-2)	0.211
U_d/(m·s^-1)	41.6

时刻	对应时间/转	时刻	对应时间/转
时刻	C=10	时刻	C=20
T₁	0.119	T'₁	0.119
T₂	0.494	T'₂	0.178
T₃	0.652	T'₃	0.405
T₄	0.711	T'₄	0.455
T₅	0.751	T'₅	0.484
T₆	0.968	T'₆	0.791