特快速暂态过电压对二次侧共模干扰建模

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.366

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

变电站隔离开关和断路器操作会产生特快速暂态过电压(VFTO),通过电缆传输和空间辐射两种方式干扰电力二次设备安全可靠运行.VFTO是一种包含多个频段干扰分量的暂态干扰脉冲,其干扰分量频率可达100 MHz,现有电磁干扰模型和试验标准难以描述VFTO干扰波形时频特性.为此,首先分析变电站VFTO产生机理及VFTO传输路径,提出变电站VFTO测量方法,测量隔离开关操作时电压互感器二次侧VFTO宏脉冲和微脉冲.其次,提出基于同步压缩小波变换的VFTO时频特性分析方法,得到VFTO时频二重域特性,提升了时域和频域分辨率.最后,建立基于衰减阻尼振荡波的变电站VFTO干扰模型,提出基于进化差分算法的VFTO干扰模型参数提取方法.实验结果表明:模型结果和实测结果基本一致,两者决定系数R²为0.85,能够表征VFTO干扰波形时频特性,为VFTO抗扰度标准制定和电力设备运维提供依据.

关键词: 特快速暂态过电压, 气体绝缘变电站, 电压互感器二次侧, 差分进化算法

Abstract:

Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) is generated during the operation of isolation switches and circuit breakers in substations, which can affect the safe and reliable operation of power secondary equipment through cable transmission and spatial radiation. VFTO is a type of transient interference pulse which contains multiple frequency band interference components with frequencies reaching to 100 MHz. However, it is difficult to describe the time-frequency characteristics of VFTO interference waveforms by current electromagnetic interference models and experimental standards. Therefore, first, the generation mechanism and transmission path of VFTO in substations are analyzed and a measurement method for VFTO in substations is proposed. Macro and micro pulses of VFTO are measured on the secondary side of voltage transformers during isolation switch operation. Then, a method for the time-frequency characteristic analysis of VFTO is proposed based on synchronous compressed wavelet transform, which can obtain the time-frequency characteristics of VFTO and improve the time-domain and frequency-domain resolution. Finally, a VFTO interference model for substation is established based on attenuated damping oscillation waves and a method for extracting the model parameters is proposed based on difference evolutionary algorithm. The experimental results show that predictions made by the model are basically consistent with the measured results with a coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.85. The proposed model can describe the time-frequency characteristics of VFTO interference waveforms, providing a basis for the development of VFTO immunity standards and the operation and maintenance of power equipment.

Key words: very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO), gas insulated substation (GIS), secondary side of potential transformer (PT), differential evolution algorithm (DE)

中图分类号:

TM595

庞福滨, 嵇建飞, 吴贤强, 周孟夏, 颜伟, 许东. 特快速暂态过电压对二次侧共模干扰建模[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(6): 812-820.

PANG Fubin, JI Jianfei, WU Xianqiang, ZHOU Mengxia, YAN Wei, XU Dong. Modeling of Common Mode Interference of Secondary Side of Potential Transformer in VFTO Excitation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(6): 812-820.

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设备	型号	性能参数
示波器	Yokogawa DLM2054	最大采样率2.5 GS/s,最大记录长度12.5 Mpoints,带宽500 MHz
衰减器	JUJUN K1000	带宽100 MHz,衰减60 dB

算法	时域分辨率/μs	频域分辨率/MHz
STFT	0.3	10
CWT	0.5	20
GST	0.2	5
SWT	0.1	1

Goal/ MHz	Order	Fstop1/ MHz	Fpass1/ MHz	Fpass2/ MHz	Fstop2/ MHz
1.3	78	0.8	1	2	2.2
7.8	34	6.0	7	8	10.0
31	64	29.0	30	35	36.0

模型参数	a	b	c
1.3 MHz (i=1)	9918480	624354(优化为364210)	1.30
7.8 MHz (i=2)	48376007	280130	-2.73
31 MHz (i=3)	201884887	784640	-0.60