基于双惯容调谐质量系统的半潜式海上风力机振动控制

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.019

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 983-994.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.019

基于双惯容调谐质量系统的半潜式海上风力机振动控制

曾伟杰¹, 张颖²(), 邓燕飞³, 郭川睿¹, 任伟新¹

1.深圳大学土木与交通工程学院,广东深圳 518061
2.广东工业大学机电学院,广州 510006
3.哈尔滨工业大学深圳智能海洋工程研究院,广东深圳 518055

收稿日期:2023-01-16 修回日期:2023-03-07 接受日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-26
通讯作者: 张颖,副教授;E-mail:sara.zhangying@gdut.edu.cn.
作者简介:曾伟杰(1997-),硕士生,从事海上风力机减振减载研究.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52008259);深圳市海上基础设施安全与监测重点实验室(筹建启动)(ZDSYS20201020162400001)

Vibration Control of Semi-Submersible Offshore Wind Turbines Using Inerter-Based Absorbers

ZENG Weijie¹, ZHANG Ying²(), DENG Yanfei³, GUO Chuanrui¹, REN Weixin¹

1. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, Guangdong, China
2. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
3. Intelligent Ocean Engineering Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China

Received:2023-01-16 Revised:2023-03-07 Accepted:2023-03-14 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2024-07-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

与固定式海上风力机相比,漂浮式海上风力机的振动问题更为突出,进一步控制漂浮式海上风力机的振动成为了工程难题.针对此问题,探索了惯容调谐质量阻尼器(惯容-TMD,即IBA)系统对半潜式海上风力机的振动抑制效果,并提出一种基于结构阻抗的惯容-TMD综合优化设计方法,从整个设计空间出发保证惯容-TMD的最优性.为寻求最优的减振效果,基于达朗贝尔原理建立风力机-惯容-TMD动力学模型,采用双IBA的控制策略同时对半潜式海上风力机浮台和塔筒的振动响应进行抑制,并从增益效果角度,比较了双IBA与双TMD的减振性能.最后对OpenFAST软件进行二次开发,数值验证了风浪联合作用下双IBA相对于双TMD减振性能的提升.结果表明:双减振装置的减振性能相较于单个减振装置有明显提升,且双IBA振动控制效果要优于双TMD;此外,基于惯容器质量增益效果,在达到最优TMD相同减振效果的情况下,机舱惯容-TMD (NIBA)和浮台惯容-TMD (PIBA)分别可将结构减振器中质量元件的质量减少23.9%和32.2%,大幅降低装置成本.

关键词: 漂浮式海上风力机, 惯容, 调谐质量阻尼器, 振动控制

Abstract:

Compared with fixed offshore wind turbines, the vibration problem of floating offshore wind turbines is particularly prominent, and further reduction of the vibration of floating offshore wind turbines has become an engineering challenge. In order to solve this problem, a novel vibration suppression device, inerter-based absorber (IBA) is introduced, and the vibration control of semi-submersible offshore wind turbines is studied. A comprehensive optimization method, namely the structure-immittance approach, is utilized to design the IBA in a systematic way. In order to search for the optimum vibration suppression performance, a simplified dynamic model of the semi-submersible offshore wind turbine, and the IBA dynamic equations are established using D’Alembert’s principle. Simultaneous suppression of the vibration response of the floating platform and tower of a semi-submersible offshore wind turbine is realized using the dual IBA control strategy. Furthermore, by implementing the optimum IBA in the OpenFAST software, the vibration suppression benefits of the dual IBA compared with the dual tuned mass damper (TMD) are verified under the coupling effects of wind and waves. The results show that the vibration control performance of the dual IBA control strategy is significantly better than that of the single one, and that of the dual IBA is better than that of the dual TMD. In addition, under the condition of achieving the same suppression performance as the TMD, IBA installed at the nacelle and the platform can respectively decrease the required absorber mass by 23.9% and 32.2%, which can greatly reduce the manufacture cost of the device.

Key words: floating wind turbines, inerter, tuned mass dampers (TMD), vibration control

中图分类号:

O328

曾伟杰, 张颖, 邓燕飞, 郭川睿, 任伟新. 基于双惯容调谐质量系统的半潜式海上风力机振动控制[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(7): 983-994.

ZENG Weijie, ZHANG Ying, DENG Yanfei, GUO Chuanrui, REN Weixin. Vibration Control of Semi-Submersible Offshore Wind Turbines Using Inerter-Based Absorbers[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(7): 983-994.

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参考文献 27

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参数	取值
功率/MW	5
风轮,轮毂直径/m	126, 3
切入、额定、切出风速/(m·s^-1)	3, 11.4, 25
机舱尺寸/(m×m×m)	18× 6 × 6
风轮质量/kg	110 000
机舱质量/kg	240 000
风塔质量/kg	347 460
风塔惯性矩/(kg·m²)	2.721 8×10⁹
塔基(浮台顶部)标高/m	10
风力机塔顶标高/m	87.6
浮台吃水深度/m	20
平台质量(包括压载物)/kg	1.347 3×10⁷
浮台质心位置(基于海平面)/m	-13.46

类别	d_P/[N·(m· s^-1)^-1]	d_T/[N·(m· s^-1)^-1]	k_P/(N· m^-1)	k_T/(N·m^-1)	I_P/(kg·m²)
初始值	6.5×10⁸	2.0×10⁸	0.0	1.4×10¹⁰	3.0×10⁹
估计值	9.5×10⁸	1.2×10⁸	1.0	1.9×10¹⁰	4.2×10⁹

类别	简化模型频率/Hz	OpenFAST模型频率/Hz
纵摇	0.039	0.040
塔筒前后变形	0.422	0.420

类别	m/t	k/ (kN·m^-1)	c/[(kN· (m·s^-1)^-1]	J₁		J₁提升比例/%	J₂		J₂提升比例/%
类别	m/t	k/ (kN·m^-1)	c/[(kN· (m·s^-1)^-1]	无TMD	有TMD	J₁提升比例/%	无TMD	有TMD	J₂提升比例/%
NTMD	20	135 116	10 578	0.470	0.191	59.6	8.730	8.775	-0.5
	20	1 150	1 074	0.470	0.455	3.20	8.730	3.919	55.1
PTMD	200	1 434 100	8 899	0.470	0.411	12.8	8.730	8.656	0.8
	200	12 100	17 900	0.470	0.465	1.10	8.730	2.772	68.0
2TMD	20	139 200	13 700	0.470	0.187	60.2	8.730	2.702	69.1
	200	11 200	18 300

类别		m/t	k/ (kN·m^-1)	k₁/ (kN·m^-1)	k₂/ (kN·m^-1)	c/[(kN· (m·s^-1)^-1]	b/kg	J₁	J₂
2TMD	NTMD	20	139.2	—	—	13.7	—	0.187	2.702
	PTMD	200	11.2	—	—	18.3	—
2IBA	NIBA	20	—	13.7	142.3	1.68	1 602.5	0.179	2.560
	PIBA	200	—	7.9	8.5	30.4	3 471.4

基于双惯容调谐质量系统的半潜式海上风力机振动控制

Vibration Control of Semi-Submersible Offshore Wind Turbines Using Inerter-Based Absorbers

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工况编号	风速/ (m·s^-1)	湍流强度/%	有效波高/m	波谱周期/s
1	8	16.0	1.31	5.67
2	12	14.6	1.70	5.88
3	16	13.9	2.19	6.37
4	20	13.4	2.76	6.99
5	41.5	11.7	4.90	9.43

工况	塔底前后弯矩最大值/(kN·m)			塔底侧向弯矩最大值/(kN·m)			塔底前后弯矩标准差/(kN·m)			塔底侧向弯矩标准差/(kN·m)
工况	无控	2TMD	2IBA	无控	2TMD	2IBA	无控	2TMD	2IBA	无控	2TMD	2IBA
1	70 679	65 273	64 648	13 787	8 021	7 844	10 993	9 144	8 920	3 088	1 395	1 254
2	99 725	101 712	101 037	13 228	12 572	12 789	12 155	12 273	12 289	2 068	1 741	1 745
3	88 950	94 178	94 132	16 771	14 967	14 945	12 986	13 124	13 130	2 403	2 101	2 100
4	87 679	93 941	93 018	21 057	18 120	18 043	13 831	14 052	14 046	3 483	2 834	2 808
5	114 155	115 743	113 147	53 659	43 393	41 439	20 293	20 196	20 123	12 926	9 613	9 427

分析类型	参数	无TMD/IBA	2TMD (抑制率)		2IBA (抑制率)
时域分析	塔顶前后变形位移最大值/m	0.596 9	0.610 3	(-2.24%)	0.594 1	(0.47%)
	塔顶侧向变形位移最大值/m	0.294 8	0.245 8	(16.62%)	0.235 3	(20.18%)
	塔底前后弯矩最大值/(kN·m)	114 155	115 743	(-1.39%)	113 147	(0.88%)
	塔底侧向弯矩最大值/(kN·m)	53 660	43 394	(19.13%)	41 439	(22.77%)
频域分析 (0.4~0.6 Hz)	塔顶前后变形位移功率谱密度/(dB·Hz^-1)	0.053 62	0.010 96	(79.56%)	0.009 112	(83.01%)
	塔顶侧向变形位移功率谱密度/(dB·Hz^-1)	0.059 61	0.014 33	(75.96%)	0.011 73	(80.32%)
	塔底前后弯矩功率谱密度/(dB·Hz^-1)	1.798×10⁹	3.766×10⁸	(79.05%)	3.081×10⁸	(82.86%)
	塔底侧向弯矩功率谱密度/(dB·Hz^-1)	2.043×10⁹	4.897×10⁸	(76.03%)	4.028×10⁸	(80.28%)