风机叶片结冰对其一体化结构动态响应影响的数值分析

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.258

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于美国可再生能源实验室的导管架式一体化海上风机模型,将计算流体力学(CFD)方法与风机一体化分析方法进行耦合,研究叶片结冰过程及其结冰后对风机整体动态性能的影响.首先将一体化分析得到的叶片运动姿态输入到CFD中,采用离散多相模型和融化-凝固模型进行三维风机叶片覆冰增长模拟,然后应用k-ε湍流模型计算结冰前后的气动性能,最后将叶片覆冰后的气动载荷结果返回到一体化分析方法中,分析叶片结冰对风机整体响应产生的影响.计算结果表明,叶片沿叶展方向结冰呈线性增加,结冰主要集中在叶片前缘,叶尖处积冰最厚;覆冰后叶片各剖面翼型升力系数降低、阻力系数升高.叶片结冰会降低整机功率、转子的转矩和转速,叶尖和塔顶产生额外振动响应,风机达到额定功率所需风速增大.

关键词: 冰区风电, 叶片结冰, 风机一体化分析, 功率损失, 耦合分析

Abstract:

Based on the integrated jacket-support offshore wind turbine model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is coupled with the wind turbine integrated analysis method to study the blade icing process and its influence on the overall dynamic performance of the wind turbine. First, the blade motion attitude calculated by the integrated analysis method is input into CFD. The discrete multiphase model and melting solidification model are used to simulate the icing growth of three-dimensional wind turbine blades. The k-ε turbulence model is used to calculate the aerodynamic performance before and after icing. Finally, the aerodynamic results after blade icing are returned to the integrated analysis method to analyze the influence of blade icing on the overall response of the wind turbine. The results show that the blade icing increases linearly along the blade span. The icing is mainly concentrated on the leading edge of the blade with the thickest ice accumulation at the tip. The lift coefficient decreases and the drag coefficient increases after icing. Blade icing will reduce the power of the whole machine, the torque, and the rotor speed. At the same time, it will lead to additional vibration response at the blade tip and tower top, and increase the wind speed required by the wind turbine to reach the rated power.

Key words: wind power in ice area, blade icing, analysis of wind turbine integration, power loss, coupling analysis

中图分类号:

P751
TM 315

闯振菊, 李春郑, 刘社文. 风机叶片结冰对其一体化结构动态响应影响的数值分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(9): 1176-1187.

CHUANG Zhenju, LI Chunzheng, LIU Shewen. Numerical Analysis of Influence of Blade Icing on Dynamic Response of Integrated Wind Turbine Structure[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(9): 1176-1187.

图/表 19

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

表4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

参考文献 25

[1]	LEHTOMÄKI V. Emerging from the cold[J]. Windpower Monthly, 2016, 32(8): 32-34.
[2]	HOCHART C, FORTIN G, PERRON J, et al. Wind turbine performance under icing conditions[J]. Wind Energy, 2008, 11(4): 319-333. doi: 10.1002/we.258 URL
[3]	LEHTOMÄKI V, RISSANEN S, WADHAM-GAGNON M, et al. Fatigue loads of iced turbines: Two case studies[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2016, 158: 37-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2016.09.002 URL
[4]	王可光, 吴辉碇, 王彩欣, 等. 渤海冰期的基本水文气象参量研究[J]. 海洋通报, 1999, 18(2): 17-28.
	WANG Keguang, WU Huiding, WANG Caixin, et al. A study of basic hydrologic and meteorological parametersin the ice-covered Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1999, 18(2): 17-28.
[5]	SHIN J, BOND T.Results of an icing test on a NACA 0012 airfoil in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel[C]// 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virginia: AIAA, 1992: 647.
[6]	HAN Y Q, PALACIOS J, SCHMITZ S. Scaled ice accretion experiments on a rotating wind turbine blade[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2012, 109: 55-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.06.001 URL
[7]	胡良权, 陈进格, 沈昕, 等. 结冰对风力机载荷的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2018, 52(8): 904-909.
	HU Liangquan, CHEN Jinge, SHEN Xin, et al. Load of wind turbine affected by icing[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2018, 52(8): 904-909.
[8]	SWITCHENKO D, HABASHI W, REID T, et al. FENSAP-ICE simulation of complex wind turbine icing events, and comparison to observed performance data[C]// 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: AIAA, 2014: 1399.
[9]	蒋维, 李亚冬, 李海波, 等. 水平轴风力机桨叶覆冰数值模拟[J]. 太阳能学报, 2014, 35(1): 83-88.
	JIANG Wei, LI Yadong, LI Haibo, et al. Simulation of icing on horizontal-axis wind turbine blade[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2014, 35(1): 83-88.
[10]	郝艳捧, 刘国特, 阳林, 等. 风力机组叶片覆冰数值模拟及其气动载荷特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(10): 292-300.
	HAO Yanpeng, LIU Guote, YANG Lin, et al. Study on ice numerical simulation and its power loss characteristics for the blades of wind turbine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(10): 292-300.
[11]	梁健, 舒立春, 胡琴, 等. 风力机叶片雨淞覆冰的三维数值模拟及试验研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(15): 4430-4436.
	LIANG Jian, SHU Lichun, HU Qin, et al. 3-D numerical simulations and experiments on glaze ice accretion of wind turbine blades[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(15): 4430-4436.
[12]	刘杰, 杨倩, 吴涛, 等. 霜冰条件下风力机翼型结冰的数值计算预测[J]. 机电一体化, 2020, 26(5): 3-11.
	LIU Jie, YANG Qian, WU Tao, et al. Numerical simulation prediction of icing on airfoil of wind turbine blade under rime ice conditions[J]. Mechatronics, 2020, 26(5): 3-11.
[13]	WANG Q, XIAO J P, ZHANG T T, et al. A new wind turbine icing computational model based on Free Wake Lifting Line Model and Finite Area Method[J]. Renewable Energy, 2020, 146: 342-358. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.109 URL
[14]	WANG Q, YI X, LIU Y, et al. Simulation and analysis of wind turbine ice accretion under yaw condition via an Improved Multi-Shot Icing Computational Model[J]. Renewable Energy, 2020, 162: 1854-1873. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.107 URL
[15]	National Renewable Energy Laboratory. FAST v8[CP/OL]. (2016-07-21) [2021-07-14]. https://www.nrel.gov/wind/nwtc/fastv8.html.
[16]	WIROGO S, SRIRAMBHATLA S. An eulerian method to calculate the collection efficiency on two and three dimensional bodies[C]// 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virginia: AIAA, 2003: 1073.
[17]	SCHILLER L V, NAUMANN Z Z. Über die grundlegenden berechnungen bei der schwerkraftaufbereitung[J]. Zeitschrift Des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, 1933, 77: 318-321.
[18]	MESSINGER B L. Equilibrium temperature of an unheated icing surface as a function of air speed[J]. Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, 1953, 20(1): 29-42. doi: 10.2514/8.2520 URL
[19]	JONKMAN J, BUHL M. New developments for the NWTC’s FAST aeroelastic HAWT simulator[C]// 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virginia: AIAA, 2004: 504.
[20]	KANE T R, LEVINSON D A. Dynamics, theory and applications[M]. New York, USA: McGraw Hill, 1985.
[21]	POPKO W, VORPAHL F, ZUGA A, et al. Offshore code comparison collaboration continuation (OC4), Phase 1—Results of coupled simulations of an offshore wind turbine with jacket support structure[C]// The twenty-second international offshore and polar engineering conference. Rhodes, Greece: OnePetro, 2012: 337-346.
[22]	JONKMAN J, BUTTERFIELD S, MUSIAL W, et al. Definition of a 5-MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development[R]. Colorado: Office of Scientific and Technical Information, 2009.
[23]	FORTIN G, LULIANO E, MINGIONE G, et al. CIRAAMIL ice accretion code improvements[C]// 1st AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virginia: AIAA, 2009: 3968.
[24]	FU P, FARZANEH M. A CFD approach for modeling the rime-ice accretion process on a horizontal-axis wind turbine[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2010, 98(4/5): 181-188. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2009.10.014 URL
[25]	HANSEN C. AirfoilPrep: An excel workbook for generating airfoil tables for AeroDyn[EB/OL].(2004-11-1) [2021. 07. 14]. https://www.nrel.gov/wind/nwtc/airfoil-prep.html.

名称	取值
水深	50
导管架基础高度	70
叶轮直径	126
塔高	68
轮毂直径	3

叶展位置/m	弦长/m	扭转角/(°)	翼型类型
0	3.542	13.308	Cylinder1
1.3667	3.542	13.308	Cylinder1
4.1	3.854	13.308	Cylinder1
6.8333	4.167	13.308	Cylinder2
10.25	4.557	13.308	DU40_A17
14.35	4.652	11.48	DU35_A17
18.45	4.458	10.162	DU35_A17
22.55	4.249	9.011	DU30_A17
26.65	4.007	7.795	DU25_A17
30.75	3.748	6.544	DU25_A17
34.85	3.502	5.361	DU21_A17
38.95	3.256	4.188	DU21_A17
43.05	3.01	3.125	NACA64_A17
47.15	2.764	2.319	NACA64_A17
51.25	2.518	1.526	NACA64_A17
54.6667	2.313	0.863	NACA64_A17
57.4	2.086	0.37	NACA64_A17
60.1333	1.419	0.106	NACA64_A17
61.5	1.419	0.106	NACA64_A17

网格类型	网格数量	攻角 α'/(°)	来流速度/ (m·s^-1)	温度/ ℃	水滴含量/ (g·m^-3)	水滴直径/ μm	时间/s
1	58643	3.5	67.1	-6.42	1.0	20	360
2	174993	3.5	67.1	-6.42	1.0	20	360
3	493778	3.5	67.1	-6.42	1.0	20	360

计算参数	数值
环境温度/K	258
风速/(m·s^-1)	11.4
水滴平均直径/μm	30
空气中水滴含量/(g·m^-3)	8
叶片转速/(r·min^-1)	12.1
结冰时间/min	300