基于WRF-LES模式的大气边界层近地风场精细化模拟研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.415

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 220-231.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.415

基于WRF-LES模式的大气边界层近地风场精细化模拟研究

刘达琳¹, 陶韬², 曹勇¹(), 周岱¹, 韩兆龙¹

1.上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海 200240
2.安徽工程大学建筑工程学院,安徽芜湖 241060

收稿日期:2022-10-20 修回日期:2022-11-10 接受日期:2022-11-17 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-03-04
通讯作者: 曹勇,副教授,博士生导师;E-mail:yongcao@sjtu.edu.cn.
作者简介:刘达琳(1998-),硕士生,从事近地面风场研究.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52122110);国家自然科学基金(42076210);国家自然科学基金(52108462);上海市自然科学基金(21ZR1428900);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(21YF1419400)

Refined Simulation of Near-Surface Wind Field of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Based on WRF-LES Model

LIU Dalin¹, TAO Tao², CAO Yong¹(), ZHOU Dai¹, HAN Zhaolong¹

1. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241060, Anhui, China

Received:2022-10-20 Revised:2022-11-10 Accepted:2022-11-17 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-03-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

台风等极端气象灾害对工程结构安全造成严重威胁,研究近地面大气边界层精细化模拟对于土木工程具有重要应用价值.数值天气预报系统(WRF)中的大涡模拟(LES)模块具有参数方案多、精度高等优点,适用于近地面风场精细化模拟,但数值天气预报-大涡模拟(WRF-LES)精细化模拟效果与参数设置密切相关.寻求适用于精细化模拟近地面风场的参数设置,选用WRF-LES模式中的几种次网格模型和空间差分格式,采用较细密的网格分辨率,进行理想大气边界层模拟.对比平均风速剖面、湍流强度剖面和功率谱等风场特性,讨论关键参数对近地面风场模拟精度的影响,确定合适的参数设置.研究表明:对次网格模型,非线性回波散射和各向异性 (NBA1)模型可有效改善近地面风场模拟精度;对网格方案,在计算域底部不均匀加密垂直网格可更好地描述近地面风场空间分布特征,有效减小计算资源;对空间差分格式,偶数阶差分相较奇数阶差分格式可捕获更小尺度湍流结构.所提出的WRF-LES模式参数方案,可为精细化模拟近地面风场和台风边界层提供技术参考.

关键词: 次网格模型, 网格分辨率, 空间差分格式, 数值天气预报-大涡模拟

Abstract:

Extreme meteorological disasters such as typhoons pose a serious threat to the safety of engineering structures. Therefore, the refined simulation on the near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is valuable for civil engineering. Large-eddy simulation (LES) implemented in the weather research and forecating (WRF) model has the advantages of multiple options of numerical schemes and high accuracy. It is generally suitable for the refined simulation of the near-surface wind field, although the performance of simulation results is closely related to the numerical methods. This paper assesses the impacts of vital parameters regarding subfilter-scale (SFS) stress models, mesh size, and spatial difference schemes within WRF-LES to simulate the ideal ABL in order to figure out appropriate numerical schemes for the refined simulation of the near-surface wind field. The wind field characteristics are addressed and analyzed such as mean wind speed profile, turbulence intensity profile, and power of spectrum. Comparisons of simulation results among different SFS stress models indicate that the nonlinear backscatter and anisotropy one (NBA1) SFS stress model can effectively improve the accuracy of simulation in the near-surface wind profiles. Investigations of mesh resolution effects indicate that the nonuniformly refined vertical grid near the surface agrees much better with the expected profiles and reduces the expenditure of computational resources. Furthermore, the results show that the even-order spatial difference schemes produce more small-scale turbulent structures than the odd-order difference schemes. The numerical methods of WRF-LES proposed can provide a technical reference for refined simulation of the near-surface wind field and typhoon boundary layer.

Key words: subfilter-scale stress model, mesh resolution, spatial difference scheme, weather research and forecating (WRF)-largy-eddy simulation (LES)

中图分类号:

P404
V211.3

刘达琳, 陶韬, 曹勇, 周岱, 韩兆龙. 基于WRF-LES模式的大气边界层近地风场精细化模拟研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(2): 220-231.

LIU Dalin, TAO Tao, CAO Yong, ZHOU Dai, HAN Zhaolong. Refined Simulation of Near-Surface Wind Field of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Based on WRF-LES Model[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(2): 220-231.

图/表 16

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试验名称	空间差分格式	次网格模型	Δx/m	Δx₃/m	水平网格数量× 垂直网格数量	时间步长/s
次网格模型	H5V3	TKE	30	20	200×100	0.25
	H5V3	SMAG	30	20	200×100	0.25
	H5V3	NBA1	30	20	200×100	0.25
	H5V3	NBA2	30	20	200×100	0.25
网格分辨率	H5V3	NBA1	15	10	200×200	0.10
	H5V3	NBA1	30	10	200×200	0.25
	H5V3	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H5V3	NBA1	120	10	50×200	0.50
	H5V3	NBA1	30	5	200×400	0.25
	H5V3	NBA1	30	10	200×200	0.25
	H5V3	NBA1	30	20	200×100	0.25
	H5V3	NBA1	30	30	200×66	0.25
	H5V3	NBA1	30	不均匀加密	200×77	0.25
空间差分格式	H3V3	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H4V2	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H4V4	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H5V3	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H5V5	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H6V4	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50
	H6V6	NBA1	60	10	100×200	0.50

次网格模型	不同高度处的平均风速相对误差/%
次网格模型	9 m	28 m	47 m	65 m	84 m	103 m
TKE	-9.23	0.60	5.79	7.91	8.24	7.80
SMAG	-9.22	1.12	6.00	8.60	9.02	8.55
NBA1	-9.36	-2.61	1.41	4.56	5.74	5.88
NBA2	-9.53	-1.94	3.63	6.90	8.15	8.28

试验方案	水平网格尺寸/m	垂直网格尺寸/m	垂直网格最小尺寸/m	纵横比	不同高度处的平均风速相对误差/%
试验方案	水平网格尺寸/m	垂直网格尺寸/m	垂直网格最小尺寸/m	纵横比	15 m	45 m
dx15dz10	15	10	4.65	1.5	0.11	9.98
dx30dz10	30	10	4.65	3	-8.01	3.62
dx60dz10	60	10	4.65	6	-14.51	-7.53
dx120dz10	120	10	4.65	12	-18.73	-17.82
dx30dz5	30	5	2.32	6	-9.63	4.65
dx30dz10	30	10	4.65	3	-8.01	3.62
dx30dz20	30	20	9.31	1.5	-19.33	2.25
dx30dz30	30	30	14.11	1	-12.91	-1.14
不均匀加密	30	—	3.54	—	-5.76	9.64

空间差分格式	40 m高度处的有效网格分辨率/Δx₁
H3V3	13.24
H5V3	10.67
H5V5	9.90
H4V2	7.65
H4V4	6.57
H6V4	6.44
H6V6	6.34

基于WRF-LES模式的大气边界层近地风场精细化模拟研究

Refined Simulation of Near-Surface Wind Field of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Based on WRF-LES Model

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