线性层结环境和浸没式植被对斜坡异重流运动的影响

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.228

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 412-420.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.228

所属专题：《上海交通大学学报》2021年12期专题汇总专辑；《上海交通大学学报》2021年“水利工程”专题

线性层结环境和浸没式植被对斜坡异重流运动的影响

刘雅钰, 林颖典(), 袁野平, 贺治国

浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山 316021

收稿日期:2019-08-02 出版日期:2021-04-28 发布日期:2021-04-30
通讯作者: 林颖典 E-mail:kevinlin@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:刘雅钰(1995-),女,浙江省杭州市人,硕士生,主要研究方向为异重流
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0405502);国家自然科学基金(11672267);国家自然科学基金(41876089);舟山市科技计划项目浙江大学海洋学院专项资助项目(2018C81034)

Effect of Linearly Stratified Environment and Submerged Vegetation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Downslope Gravity Currents

LIU Yayu, LIN Yingtien(), YUAN Yeping, HE Zhiguo

Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China

Received:2019-08-02 Online:2021-04-28 Published:2021-04-30
Contact: LIN Yingtien E-mail:kevinlin@zju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开展一系列开闸式斜坡异重流水槽实验,分析线性层结和均匀水体中斜坡异重流遭遇刚性植被群的发展和演变特性.采用彩色数码相机记录异重流发展过程,并利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)获取局部流场结构.结果表明:对于有植被工况,异重流的头部速度可分为加速、减速、二次加速及二次减速4个阶段.各阶段之间的转变位置随层结度增大而前移,但受植被密度影响不明显.在层结环境中,受植被群影响,异重流会出现“首次分离-前进-二次分离”现象.植被群削弱异重流涡度场的发展,随植被密度增大,该差异愈加显著.层结水体和植被群均会抑制异重流涡度场的发展,其中层结水体的抑制作用更强.

关键词: 层结环境, 浸没式植被, 斜坡, 异重流

Abstract:

A series of lock-exchange experiments of slope gravity currents were conducted to analyze the development and evolution characteristics of rigid vegetations in uniform and linear stratified environments. The development of gravity currents was recorded by using a digital camera, and the local flow field structure was obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results show that the head velocity of gravity currents with submerge vegetation experience the processes of acceleration, deceleration, second acceleration, and second deceleration. As the stratification degree increases, the transition points among the four stages move ahead, but the vegetation density does not significantly impact that point. In the stratified environments with the submerged vegetation patches, the phenomena of “first separated then advanced and finally separated from the slope” is observed. Vegetation can restrain the development of vorticity fields of gravity currents. When the vegetation densens, the vorticity of gravity currents will decrease more significantly. Both stratified environments and submerged vegetation patches can inhibit the development of vorticity fields of gravity currents, and the stratified water environment plays a more important role in this inhibition.

Key words: stratified environment, submerged vegetation, slope, gravity currents

中图分类号:

TV145

刘雅钰, 林颖典, 袁野平, 贺治国. 线性层结环境和浸没式植被对斜坡异重流运动的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(4): 412-420.

LIU Yayu, LIN Yingtien, YUAN Yeping, HE Zhiguo. Effect of Linearly Stratified Environment and Submerged Vegetation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Downslope Gravity Currents[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(4): 412-420.

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

表3

图6

参考文献 20

[1]	SIMPSON J E. Gravity currents in the laboratory, atmosphere, and ocean[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1982, 14(1):213-234. doi: 10.1146/fluid.1982.14.issue-1 URL
[2]	贺治国, 林挺, 赵亮, 等. 异重流在层结与非层结水体中沿斜坡运动的实验研究[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2016, 46(6):570-578.
	HE Zhiguo, LIN Ting, ZHAO Liang, et al. Experiments on gravity currents down a ramp in unstratified and linearly stratified salt water environments[J]. Scientia Sinica: Tchnologica, 2016, 46(6):570-578.
[3]	DORRELL R M, DARBY S E, PEAKALL J, et al. The critical role of stratification in submarine channels: Implications for channelization and long runout of flows[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 2014, 119(4):2620-2641. doi: 10.1002/jgrc.v119.4 URL
[4]	TOKYAY T E, GARCÍA M H. Effect of initial excess density and discharge on constant flux gravity currents propagating on a slope[J]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2014, 14(2):409-429. doi: 10.1007/s10652-013-9317-0 URL
[5]	赵亮, 吕亚飞, 贺治国, 等. 分层水体和障碍物对斜坡异重流运动特性的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2017, 51(12):2466-2473.
	ZHAO Liang, LV Yafei, HE Zhiguo, et al. Influence of stratified water and obstacles on downslope gravity currents’ movement characteristics[J]. Journals of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2017, 51(12):2466-2473.
[6]	NEPF M H. Flow and transport in regions with aquatic vegetation[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mecha-nics, 2011, 44(1):123-142.
[7]	CENEDESE C, NOKES R, HYATT J. Lock-exchange gravity currents over rough bottoms[J]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 18(1):59-73. doi: 10.1007/s10652-016-9501-0 URL
[8]	CENEDESE C, NOKES R, HYATT J. Dynamics of lock-release gravity currents over sparse and dense rough bottoms[J]. International Symposium on Stratified Flows, 2016, 1(1):1-7.
[9]	HO H C, LIN Y T. Gravity currents over a rigid and emergent vegetated slope[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 2015, 76(2):72-80. doi: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.12.005 URL
[10]	林颖典, 熊杰, 竺钟芳. 浸没式植被对异重流运动特性的影响[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 47(3):428-434.
	LIN Yingtien, XIONG Jie, ZHU Zhongfang. Study on effects of submerged vegetation on gravity currents dynamics[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2019, 47(3):428-434.
[11]	杨婕, 张宽地, 杨帆. 柔性植被和刚性植被水流水动力学特性研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2017, 39(8):85-89.
	YANG Jie, ZHANG Kuandi, YANG Fan. Experimental study on hydraulic characteristics of overland flow under rigid and flexible vegetation coverage[J]. Yellow River, 2019, 47(3):85-89.
[12]	GHAJAR A J, BANG K. Experimental and analytical studies of different methods for producing stratified flows[J]. Energy, 1993, 18(4):323-334. doi: 10.1016/0360-5442(93)90067-N URL
[13]	THIELICKE W, STAMHUIS E J. PIVlab-towards user-friendly, affordable and accurate digital particle image velocimetry in MATLAB[J]. Journal of Open Research Software, 2014, 2(1):1-10.
[14]	UNGARISH M. On gravity currents in a linearly stratified ambient: A generalization of Benjamin’s steady-state propagation results[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2006, 548(548):49-68. doi: 10.1017/S0022112005007421 URL
[15]	BAINES P G. Mixing in flows down gentle slopes into stratified environments[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2001, 443(443):237-270. doi: 10.1017/S0022112001005250 URL
[16]	DAI A. Experiments on gravity currents propagating on different bottom slopes[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2013, 731:117-141. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2013.372 URL
[17]	GHISALBERTI M. Mixing layers and coherent structures in vegetated aquatic flows[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2002, 107(C2):3001-3011. doi: 10.1029/2000JC000468 URL
[18]	HE Z, ZHAO L, LIN T, et al. Hydrodynamics of gravity currents down a ramp in linearly stratified environments[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016, 143(3):1-15.
[19]	WELLS M, NADARAJAH P. The intrusion depth of density currents flowing into stratified water bodies[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2009, 39(39):1935-1947. doi: 10.1175/2009JPO4022.1 URL
[20]	SNOW K, SUTHERLAND B R. Particle-laden down a slope in uniform stratification[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2014, 755:251-273. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2014.413 URL

工况	H_v/ cm	g'/ (m·s^-2)	S	φ/ %	U/ (m·s^-1)	Re	Fr
N1	0	0.113	0	0	4.53	4077	0.45
N2	0	0.090	0.85	0	3.29	2961	0.37
N3	0	0.087	1.14	0	2.88	2592	0.33
A1	3	0.113	0	4.5	4.23	3807	0.42
A2	3	0.097	0.85	4.5	3.18	2862	0.34
A3	3	0.091	1.14	4.5	2.74	2466	0.30
B1	3	0.113	0	9.0	3.84	3456	0.38
B2	3	0.095	0.85	9.0	2.76	2484	0.30
B3	3	0.091	1.10	9.0	1.96	1764	0.22
C1	3	0.113	0	18	3.68	3312	0.36
C2	3	0.091	0.85	18	2.66	2394	0.29
C3	3	0.086	1.12	18	1.81	1629	0.21

工况	u_b/ (cm·s^-1)	u_v/ (cm·s^-1)	u_a/ (cm·s^-1)	R₁/%	R₂/%
A1	4.02	3.93	3.48	2.24	13.43
A2	3.57	3.46	2.90	3.08	18.77
A3	3.11	2.79	2.19	10.29	29.58
B1	4.08	3.72	3.33	8.82	18.38
B2	3.49	3.12	2.65	10.60	24.07
B3	3.03	2.54	1.94	16.17	35.97
C1	4.09	3.42	3.08	16.38	24.69
C2	3.51	3.08	2.27	12.25	35.33
C3	3.02	2.37	1.47	21.52	51.32

工况	H_v/cm	S	φ/%	H_s1/h₀	H_s2/h₀
N1	0	0	0	N.A.	N.A.
N2	0	0.85	0	N.A.	N.A.
N3	0	1.14	0	1.92	1.92
A1	3	0	4.5	N.A.	N.A.
A2	3	0.85	4.5	2.57	2.63
A3	3	1.14	4.5	1.81	2.00
B1	3	0	9.0	N.A	N.A
B2	3	0.85	9.0	2.47	N.A
B3	3	1.10	9.0	1.88	2.04
C1	3	0	18	N.A.	N.A.
C2	3	0.85	18	2.44	N.A.
C3	3	1.12	18	1.99	2.30

线性层结环境和浸没式植被对斜坡异重流运动的影响

Effect of Linearly Stratified Environment and Submerged Vegetation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Downslope Gravity Currents

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 20

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	郅长红, 陈科, 尤云祥. 弱非线性内孤立波在斜坡上的传播演化特性[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(8): 916-923.
[2]	韩东睿, 余俊杨, 袁野平, 贺治国, 王雨杭, 林颖典. 粗糙底床对持续入流式异重流掺混和湍流特性的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(1): 77-87.
[3]	熊杰，袁野平，林颖典. 浸没及非浸没刚性短植被群对异重流运动特性的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(3): 285-294.
[4]	张维凯，胡鹏. 异重流水卷吸经验式不确定性对层平均数学模型的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(1): 35-42.
[5]	宋晓龙，赵维，年廷凯，焦厚滨. 水合物分解条件下海底黏土质斜坡破坏实验模拟[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(1): 43-51.
[6]	潘佳禾，廖晨聪，陈锦剑. 孤立波作用下埋管斜坡海床及海底管道的响应分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2019, 53(8): 898-906.
[7]	吕亚飞1，赵亮1，贺治国1,2，林颖典1，袁野平1,2，胡鹏1. 障碍物对平坡异重流运动特性的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2018, 52(8): 946-953.
[8]	吴志坚1,2,3，雷天1,2，陈豫津1,2，王平1,2,3，柴少峰1,2,3. 黄土斜坡变形失稳破坏特征的振动台模型试验[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2015, 49(07): 940-945.