A blasting-like lubricating process (combination of shot blasting and lubricating processes) is proposed. In this process, the specimens to be treated, alloy shots, and solid lubricating powder are rotated together in a roller. The surface pockets formed due to the impact by the shots can store lubricants, and the lubricant can also adhere to the specimen surface by hitting. The effects of process parameters, including rolling time, rotational speed, mass of alloy shots, and the diameter of shots, on the surface topography of the steel specimen are investigated using 13 experimental schemes. The distribution ratio and average depth of surface pockets on the defined areas of the specimen are quantitatively analyzed. Four selected schemes with the MoS2 solid lubricating powder are further carried out to lubricate the cylindrical billets, and the lubricating effect is evaluated using the steady combined forward and backward extrusion test. The indicated friction factor of the novel blasting-like process is smaller than that of the conventional phosphate-soap coating process.
CHEN Haitang1,2 (陈海棠), HU Chengliang1,2* (胡成亮), GONG Aijun3 (龚爱军), SHI Weibing3 (施卫兵), ZHAO Zhen1,2 (赵震)
. Novel Blasting-Like Lubricating Process for Cold Extrusion[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Science), 2024
, 29(2)
: 322
-329
.
DOI: 10.1007/s12204-023-2599-6
[1] SHIMA M, SUETAKE H, MCCOLL I R, et al. On the behaviour of an oil lubricated fretting contact [J]. Wear, 1997, 210(1/2): 304-310.
[2] ZHANG D, YANG G, ZHAO S. Frictional behavior during cold ring compression process of aluminum alloy 5052 [J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2021, 34(5): 47-64.
[3] HIROSE Y, SAKANE T, WAKANO S, et al. Frictional behavior of new polymer lubricating film for coated steel sheets [J]. SAE Technical Paper Series, 1993: 255-260.
[4] MITTERER C, BARBIST R, BJ?RK T, et al. A comparative study on the evaluation of the tribological behaviour of polymer/zinc coated steel sheets [J]. Wear, 1997, 210(1/2): 88-95.
[5] GARIETY M, NGAILE G, ALTAN T. Evaluation of new cold forging lubricants without zinc phosphate precoat [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2007, 47(3/4): 673-681.
[6] ZHANG D, LIU B, LI J, et al. Variation of the friction conditions in cold ring compression tests of medium carbon steel [J]. Friction, 2020, 8(2): 311-322.
[7] BAY N. Metal forming and lubrication [M]//Encyclopedia of materials: Science and technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001: 5377-5380.
[8] BUROKAS V, MARTUˇSIEN E A, BIKULˇCIUS G. The influence of hexametaphosphate on formation of zinc phosphate coatings for deep drawing of steel tubes [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 1998, 102(3): 233-236.
[9] DUBOIS A, LAZZAROTTO L, DUBAR L, et al. A multi-step lubricant evaluation strategy for wire drawing–extrusion–cold heading sequence [J]. Wear, 2001, 249(10/11): 951-961.
[10] KLOCKE F, RAEDT H W. Formulation and testing of optimised coating properties with regard to tribological performance in cold forging and fine blanking applications [J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2001, 19(4/5/6): 495-505.
[11] BAY N. The state of the art in cold forging lubrication [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1994, 46(1/2): 19-40.
[12] GROCHE P, STAHLMANN J, HARTEL J, et al. Hydrodynamic effects of macroscopic deterministic surface structures in cold forging processes [J]. Tribology International, 2009, 42(8): 1173-1179.
[13] GEIGER M, POPP U, ENGEL U. Excimer laser micro texturing of cold forging tool surfaces-influence on tool life [J]. CIRP Annals, 2002, 51(1): 231-234.
[14] POPP U, ENGEL U. Microtexturing of cold-forging tools-influence on tool life [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2006, 220(1): 27-33.
[15] RASP W, WICHERN C M. Effects of surfacetopography directionality and lubrication condition on frictional behaviour during plastic deformation [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2002, 125/126: 379-386.
[16] MISUMI S, OKADA A, OKAMOTO Y, et al. Fundamental study on sputter deposition of ceramic film by large-area electron beam irradiation [J]. Procedia CIRP, 2013, 6: 486-491.
[17] MURRAY J W, KINNELL P K, CANNON A H, et al. Surface finishing of intricate metal mould structures by large-area electron beam irradiation [J]. Precision Engineering, 2013, 37(2): 443-450.
[18] TAMARKIN M A, TISHCHENKO E E, LEBEDENKO V G. Surface-layer quality in shot treatment [J]. Russian Engineering Research, 2010, 30(2): 144-148.
[19] CHANG W R. The effect of surface roughness on dynamic friction between neolite and quarry tile [J]. Safety Science, 1998, 29(2): 89-105.
[20] GARBACZ A, GORKA M, COURARD L. Effect of concrete surface treatment on adhesion in repair systems [J]. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2005, 57(1): 49-60.
[21] WAKUDA M, YAMAUCHI Y, KANZAKI S, et al. Effect of surface texturing on friction reduction between ceramic and steel materials under lubricated sliding contact [J]. Wear, 2003, 254(3/4): 356-363.
[22] NAKANO M, KORENAGA A, KORENAGA A, et al. Applying micro-texture to cast iron surfaces to reduce the friction coefficient under lubricated conditions [J]. Tribology Letters, 2007, 28(2): 131-137.
[23] S?RENSEN C G, BECH J I, ANDREASEN J L, et al. A basic study of the influence of surface topography on mechanisms of liquid lubrication in metal forming [J]. CIRP Annals, 1999, 48(1): 203-208.
[24] HU C, YIN Q, ZHAO Z. A novel method for determining friction in cold forging of complex parts using a steady combined forward and backward extrusion test [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2017, 249: 57-66.