[1] LANE T. A short history of robotic surgery [J]. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2018,100(6 sup): 5-7.
[2] OSMAN N I, DE MANGIR N, MIRONSKA E, et al.Robotic surgery as applied to functional and reconstructive urology [J]. European Urology Focus, 2019,5(3): 322-328.
[3] ASHRAFIAN H, CLANCY O, GROVER V, et al.The evolution of robotic surgery: Surgical and anaesthetic aspects [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2017,119(Sup 1): i72-i84.
[4] ZAOUTER C, JOOSTEN A, RINEHART J, et al.Autonomous systems in anesthesia [J]. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2020, 130(5): 1120-1132.
[5] SCHWILDEN H, SCHUTTLER J. The determination of an effective therapeutic infusion rate for intravenous anesthetics using feedback-controlled dosages [J]. Der Anaesthesist, 1990, 39(11): 603-606.
[6] ENGBERS F H M, DAHAN A. Anomalies in targetcontrolled infusion: An analysis after 20 years of clinical use [J]. Anaesthesia, 2018, 73(5): 619-630.
[7] KUCK K, JOHNSON K B. The three laws of autonomous and closed-loop systems in anesthesia [J].Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 124(2): 377-380.
[8] MAHAJAN V, SAMRA T, PURI G D, et al. Anaesthetic depth control using closed loop anaesthesia delivery system vs. target controlled infusion in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2017, 42:106-113.
[9] PASIN L, NARDELLI P, PINTAUDI M, et al. Closedloop delivery systems versus manually controlled administration of total IV anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia,2017, 124(2): 456-464.
[10] BROGI E, CYR S, KAZAN R, et al. Clinical performance and safety of closed-loop systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 124(2): 446-455.
[11] SETHI N, DUTTA A, PURI G D, et al. Evaluation of automated delivery of propofol using a closed-loop anesthesia delivery system in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: A randomized controlled study [J]. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2021,35(4): 1089-1095.
[12] KONG E, NICOLAOU N, VIZCAYCHIPIMP. Hemodynamic stability of closed-loop anesthesia systems: A systematic review [J]. Minerva Anestesiologica, 2020,86(1): 76-87.
[13] ELEVELD D J, PROOST J H, WIERDA J M. Evaluation of a closed-loop muscle relaxation control system[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2005, 101(3): 758-764.
[14] HEMMERLING T M, ARBEID E, WEHBE M, et al. Evaluation of a novel closed-loop total intravenous anaesthesia drug delivery system: A randomized controlledtrial [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2013,110(6): 1031-1039.
[15] WEHBE M, ARBEID E, CYR S, et al. A technical description of a novel pharmacological anesthesia robot[J]. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing,2014, 28(1): 27-34.
[16] ZAOUTER C, HEMMERLING T M, LANCHON R,et al. The feasibility of a completely automated totalIV anesthesia drug delivery system for cardiac surgery[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2016, 123(4): 885-893.
[17] ZAOUTER C, HEMMERLING T M, MION S, et al.Feasibility of automated propofol sedation for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A pilot study [J].Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 125(5): 1505-1512.
[18] SCH¨A DLER D, MIESTINGER G, BECHER T, et al.Automated control of mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia: Study protocol of a bicentric observational study (AVAS) [J]. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(5):e014742.
[19] JOOSTEN A, COECKELENBERGH S,DELAPORTE A, et al. Implementation of closed-loopassisted intra-operative goal-directed fluid therapy during major abdominal surgery [J]. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2018, 35(9): 650-658.
[20] GREEN D, JONAS M, MILLS E. Implementation of closed-loop-assisted intra-operative goal-directed fluid therapy during surgery [J]. European Journal of Anaesthesiology,2019, 36(4): 303-304.
[21] DI L L, WANG Y X, MA S X, et al. The effect of goaldirected fluid therapy combines closed-loop anesthesia management on postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2020, 60:115-117.
[22] HEMMERLING T M, WEHBE M, ZAOUTER C, et al. The Kepler intubation system [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2012, 114(3): 590-594.
[23] HEMMERLING T M, TADDEI R, WEHBE M, et al.First robotic tracheal intubations in humans using the Kepler intubation system [J]. British Journal of Anaes thesia, 2012, 108(6): 1011-1016.
[24] WANG X, TAO Y, TAO X, et al. An original design of remote robot-assisted intubation system [J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 13403.
[25] BIRO P, HOFMANN P, GAGE D, et al. Automated tracheal intubation in an airway manikin using a robotic endoscope: A proof of concept study [J].Anaesthesia, 2020, 75(7): 881-886.
[26] TIGHE P J, BADIYAN S J, LURIA I, et al. Technical communication: Robot-assisted regional anesthesia: A simulated demonstration [J].Anesthesia and Analge sia, 2010, 111(3): 813-816.
[27] HEMMERLING T M, TADDEI R, WEHBE M, et al.
Technical communication: First robotic ultrasound guided nerve blocks in humans using the Magellan sys tem [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2013, 116(2): 491-494.
[28] MORSE J, TERRASINI N, WEHBE M, et al. Com parison of success rates, learning curves, and inter subject performance variability of robot-assisted and manual ultrasound-guided nerve block needle guidance in simulation [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2014,112(6): 1092-1097.
[29] O’DONNELL B D, O’SULLIVAN O,GALLAGHER A G, et al. Robotic assistance with needle guidance [J].British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015, 114(4): 708-709.
[30] ELSHARKAWY H, SONNY A, CHIN K J. Localiza tion of epidural space: A review of available technolo gies [J]. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharma cology, 2017, 33(1): 16-27.
[31] BACHMAN S A, TAENZER A H. Thoracic caudal
epidural catheter localization using ultrasound guid ance [J]. Pediatric Anesthesia, 2020, 30(2): 194-195.
[32] QU B, CHEN L Y, ZHANG Y L, et al. Landmark guided versus modified ultrasound-assisted Parame dian techniques in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elderly patients with hip fractures: A randomized controlled trial [J]. BMC Anesthesiology, 2020, 20(1): 248.
[33] ELSHARKAWY H, SAASOUH W, BABAZADE R, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided lumbar epidural with transverse interlaminar view: Evaluation of an in plane technique [J]. Pain Medicine, 2019, 20(9): 1750-1755.
[34] MORIMOTO Y, IHARA Y, SHIMAMOTO Y, et al.
Use of ultrasound for spinal anesthesia in a super mor bidly obese patient [J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia,2017, 36: 88-89.
[35] LI M Z, NI X, XU Z D, et al. Ultrasound-assisted
technology versus the conventional landmark location method in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in obese parturients: A randomized controlled trial [J].Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2019, 129(1): 155-161.
[36] PARK S K, YOO S, KIM W H, et al.Ultrasound assisted vs. landmark-guided paramedian spinal anaes thesia in the elderly: A randomised controlled trial [J].European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2019, 36(10):763-771.
[37] CONROY P H, LUYET C, MCCARTNEY C J, et
al. Real-time ultrasound-guided spinal anaesthesia: A prospective observational study of a new approach [J]. Anesthesiology Research and Practice, 2013, 2013:525818.
[38] KARMAKAR M K, LI X, HO A M H, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided paramedian epidural access: Evalu ation of a novel in-plane technique [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2009, 102(6): 845-854.
[39] LENG Y S, YU S, TAN K K, et al. Development of a real-time lumbar ultrasound image processing system for epidural needle entry site localization [C]//2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE En gineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC ).Orlando, FL, USA: IEEE, 2016: 4093-4096.
[40] BEIGI P, MALENFANT P, RASOULIAN A, et
al. Three-dimensional ultrasound-guided real-time
midline epidural needle placement with epiguide:
A prospective feasibility study [J]. Ultrasound in
Medicine & Biology, 2017, 43(1): 375-379.
[41] PESTEIE M, LESSOWAY V, ABOLMAESUMI P,
et al. Automatic localization of the needle target for ultrasound-guided epidural injections [J]. IEEE Trans actions on Medical Imaging, 2018, 37(1): 81-92.
[42] LI H, ZUO M, GELB A W, et al. Chinese anesthe siologists have high burnout and low job satisfaction:A cross-sectional survey [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia,2018, 126(3): 1004-1012.
[43] PANDYA A N, MAJID S Z, DESAI M S. The origins,evolution, and spread of anesthesia monitoring stan dards: From Boston to across the world [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2021, 132(3): 890-898.
[44] WINTERS B D, CVACH M M, BONAFIDE C P, et
al. Technological distractions (part 2): A summary of approaches to manage clinical alarms with intent to reduce alarm fatigue [J]. Critical Care Medicine, 2018,46(1): 130-137.
[45] FERNANDES C, MILES S, LUCENA C J P. Detect ing false alarms by analyzing alarm-context informa tion: Algorithm development and validation [J]. JMIR Medical Informatics, 2020, 8(5): e15407.
[46] IMHOFF M, KUHLS S, GATHER U, et al. Smart
alarms from medical devices in the OR and ICU [J].
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology,
2009, 23(1): 39-50.
[47] GOHIL B, GHOLAMHHOSSEINI H, HARRISON M J, et al. Intelligent monitoring of critical pathologi cal events during anesthesia [C]//2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Lyon, France: IEEE,2007: 4343-4346.
[48] MIRZA M, GHOLAMHOSSEINI H, HARRISON M J. A fuzzy logic-based system for anaesthesia monitor ing [C]//2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Buenos Aires, Argentina: IEEE, 2010: 3974-3977.
[49] EAPEN Z J, PETERSON E D. Can mobile health
applications facilitate meaningful behavior change?:Time for answers [J]. JAMA, 2015, 314(12): 1236-1237.
[50] MICHARD F, BARRACHINA B, SCHOETTKER P.
Is your smartphone the future of physiologic monitor ing? [J]. Intensive Care Medicine, 2019, 45(6): 869-871.
[51] WHITE S M. Automated electronic anaesthesia
records [J]. Anaesthesia, 2016, 71(7): 850-851.
[52] NAIR B G, NEWMAN S F, PETERSON G N, et al.
Automated electronic reminders to improve redosing of antibiotics during surgical cases: Comparison of two approaches [J]. Surgical Infections, 2011, 12(1): 57-63.
[53] YEOH C, MASCARENHAS J, TAN K S, et
al. Automated notifications improve time to anes thesia induction: Integrating health information technology systems to enhance perioperative ef ficiency [J]. Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15761/jaa.1000116.
[54] MARSH-FEILEY G, EADIE L, WILSON P.
Telesonography in emergency medicine: A systematic review [J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(5): e0194840.
[55] KAMATA K, HAYASHI M, NAGATA O, et al. Initial experience with the use of remote control monitoring and general anesthesia during radiosurgery for pedi atric patients [J]. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2011, 47(2):
158-166.
[56] GOODRIDGE D, MARCINIUK D. Rural and re mote care: Overcoming the challenges of distance [J].Chronic Respiratory Disease, 2016, 13(2): 192-203.
[57] CONE S W, GEHR L, HUMMEL R, et al. Remote
anesthetic monitoring using satellite telecommunica tions and the Internet [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia,2006, 102(5): 1463-1467.
[58] MACAIRE P, NADHARI M, GREISS H, et al. Inter net remote control of pump settings for postoperative continuous peripheral nerve blocks: A feasibility study in 59 patients [J]. Annales Fran?caises d’Anesth′esie et De R′eanimation, 2014, 33(1): e1-e7.
[59] RAHMAN Q A, JANMOHAMED T, PIRBAGLOU
M, et al. Patterns of user engagement with the mobile app, manage my pain: Results of a data mining inves tigation [J]. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 2017, 5(7):e96.
[60] HEMMERLING T M. Robots will perform anesthesia in the near future [J]. Anesthesiology, 2020, 132(2):219-220.
[61] LOEB R G, CANNESSON M. Closed-loop anesthesia:Ready for prime time? [J]. Anesthesia & Analgesia,2017, 124(2): 381-382.
[62] RUSKIN K J, RUSKIN A C, O’CONNOR M. Automa tion failures and patient safety [J]. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 2020, 33(6): 788-792.[1] LANE T. A short history of robotic surgery [J]. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2018,100(6 sup): 5-7.
[2] OSMAN N I, DE MANGIR N, MIRONSKA E, et al.Robotic surgery as applied to functional and reconstructive urology [J]. European Urology Focus, 2019,5(3): 322-328.
[3] ASHRAFIAN H, CLANCY O, GROVER V, et al.The evolution of robotic surgery: Surgical and anaesthetic aspects [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2017,119(Sup 1): i72-i84.
[4] ZAOUTER C, JOOSTEN A, RINEHART J, et al.Autonomous systems in anesthesia [J]. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2020, 130(5): 1120-1132.
[5] SCHWILDEN H, SCHUTTLER J. The determination of an effective therapeutic infusion rate for intravenous anesthetics using feedback-controlled dosages [J]. Der Anaesthesist, 1990, 39(11): 603-606.
[6] ENGBERS F H M, DAHAN A. Anomalies in targetcontrolled infusion: An analysis after 20 years of clinical use [J]. Anaesthesia, 2018, 73(5): 619-630.
[7] KUCK K, JOHNSON K B. The three laws of autonomous and closed-loop systems in anesthesia [J].Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 124(2): 377-380.
[8] MAHAJAN V, SAMRA T, PURI G D, et al. Anaesthetic depth control using closed loop anaesthesia delivery system vs. target controlled infusion in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2017, 42:106-113.
[9] PASIN L, NARDELLI P, PINTAUDI M, et al. Closedloop delivery systems versus manually controlled administration of total IV anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia,2017, 124(2): 456-464.
[10] BROGI E, CYR S, KAZAN R, et al. Clinical performance and safety of closed-loop systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 124(2): 446-455.
[11] SETHI N, DUTTA A, PURI G D, et al. Evaluation of automated delivery of propofol using a closed-loop anesthesia delivery system in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: A randomized controlled study [J]. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2021,35(4): 1089-1095.
[12] KONG E, NICOLAOU N, VIZCAYCHIPIMP. Hemodynamic stability of closed-loop anesthesia systems: A systematic review [J]. Minerva Anestesiologica, 2020,86(1): 76-87.
[13] ELEVELD D J, PROOST J H, WIERDA J M. Evaluation of a closed-loop muscle relaxation control system[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2005, 101(3): 758-764.
[14] HEMMERLING T M, ARBEID E, WEHBE M, et al. Evaluation of a novel closed-loop total intravenous anaesthesia drug delivery system: A randomized controlledtrial [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2013,110(6): 1031-1039.
[15] WEHBE M, ARBEID E, CYR S, et al. A technical description of a novel pharmacological anesthesia robot[J]. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing,2014, 28(1): 27-34.
[16] ZAOUTER C, HEMMERLING T M, LANCHON R,et al. The feasibility of a completely automated totalIV anesthesia drug delivery system for cardiac surgery[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2016, 123(4): 885-893.
[17] ZAOUTER C, HEMMERLING T M, MION S, et al.Feasibility of automated propofol sedation for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A pilot study [J].Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2017, 125(5): 1505-1512.
[18] SCH¨A DLER D, MIESTINGER G, BECHER T, et al.Automated control of mechanical ventilation during general anaesthesia: Study protocol of a bicentric observational study (AVAS) [J]. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(5):e014742.
[19] JOOSTEN A, COECKELENBERGH S,DELAPORTE A, et al. Implementation of closed-loopassisted intra-operative goal-directed fluid therapy during major abdominal surgery [J]. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2018, 35(9): 650-658.
[20] GREEN D, JONAS M, MILLS E. Implementation of closed-loop-assisted intra-operative goal-directed fluid therapy during surgery [J]. European Journal of Anaesthesiology,2019, 36(4): 303-304.
[21] DI L L, WANG Y X, MA S X, et al. The effect of goaldirected fluid therapy combines closed-loop anesthesia management on postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2020, 60:115-117.
[22] HEMMERLING T M, WEHBE M, ZAOUTER C, et al. The Kepler intubation system [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2012, 114(3): 590-594.
[23] HEMMERLING T M, TADDEI R, WEHBE M, et al.First robotic tracheal intubations in humans using the Kepler intubation system [J]. British Journal of Anaes thesia, 2012, 108(6): 1011-1016.
[24] WANG X, TAO Y, TAO X, et al. An original design of remote robot-assisted intubation system [J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 13403.
[25] BIRO P, HOFMANN P, GAGE D, et al. Automated tracheal intubation in an airway manikin using a robotic endoscope: A proof of concept study [J].Anaesthesia, 2020, 75(7): 881-886.
[26] TIGHE P J, BADIYAN S J, LURIA I, et al. Technical communication: Robot-assisted regional anesthesia: A simulated demonstration [J].Anesthesia and Analge sia, 2010, 111(3): 813-816.
[27] HEMMERLING T M, TADDEI R, WEHBE M, et al.
Technical communication: First robotic ultrasound guided nerve blocks in humans using the Magellan sys tem [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2013, 116(2): 491-494.
[28] MORSE J, TERRASINI N, WEHBE M, et al. Com parison of success rates, learning curves, and inter subject performance variability of robot-assisted and manual ultrasound-guided nerve block needle guidance in simulation [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2014,112(6): 1092-1097.
[29] O’DONNELL B D, O’SULLIVAN O,GALLAGHER A G, et al. Robotic assistance with needle guidance [J].British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015, 114(4): 708-709.
[30] ELSHARKAWY H, SONNY A, CHIN K J. Localiza tion of epidural space: A review of available technolo gies [J]. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharma cology, 2017, 33(1): 16-27.
[31] BACHMAN S A, TAENZER A H. Thoracic caudal
epidural catheter localization using ultrasound guid ance [J]. Pediatric Anesthesia, 2020, 30(2): 194-195.
[32] QU B, CHEN L Y, ZHANG Y L, et al. Landmark guided versus modified ultrasound-assisted Parame dian techniques in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elderly patients with hip fractures: A randomized controlled trial [J]. BMC Anesthesiology, 2020, 20(1): 248.
[33] ELSHARKAWY H, SAASOUH W, BABAZADE R, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided lumbar epidural with transverse interlaminar view: Evaluation of an in plane technique [J]. Pain Medicine, 2019, 20(9): 1750-1755.
[34] MORIMOTO Y, IHARA Y, SHIMAMOTO Y, et al.
Use of ultrasound for spinal anesthesia in a super mor bidly obese patient [J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia,2017, 36: 88-89.
[35] LI M Z, NI X, XU Z D, et al. Ultrasound-assisted
technology versus the conventional landmark location method in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in obese parturients: A randomized controlled trial [J].Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2019, 129(1): 155-161.
[36] PARK S K, YOO S, KIM W H, et al.Ultrasound assisted vs. landmark-guided paramedian spinal anaes thesia in the elderly: A randomised controlled trial [J].European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2019, 36(10):763-771.
[37] CONROY P H, LUYET C, MCCARTNEY C J, et
al. Real-time ultrasound-guided spinal anaesthesia: A prospective observational study of a new approach [J]. Anesthesiology Research and Practice, 2013, 2013:525818.
[38] KARMAKAR M K, LI X, HO A M H, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided paramedian epidural access: Evalu ation of a novel in-plane technique [J]. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2009, 102(6): 845-854.
[39] LENG Y S, YU S, TAN K K, et al. Development of a real-time lumbar ultrasound image processing system for epidural needle entry site localization [C]//2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE En gineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC ).Orlando, FL, USA: IEEE, 2016: 4093-4096.
[40] BEIGI P, MALENFANT P, RASOULIAN A, et
al. Three-dimensional ultrasound-guided real-time
midline epidural needle placement with epiguide:
A prospective feasibility study [J]. Ultrasound in
Medicine & Biology, 2017, 43(1): 375-379.
[41] PESTEIE M, LESSOWAY V, ABOLMAESUMI P,
et al. Automatic localization of the needle target for ultrasound-guided epidural injections [J]. IEEE Trans actions on Medical Imaging, 2018, 37(1): 81-92.
[42] LI H, ZUO M, GELB A W, et al. Chinese anesthe siologists have high burnout and low job satisfaction:A cross-sectional survey [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia,2018, 126(3): 1004-1012.
[43] PANDYA A N, MAJID S Z, DESAI M S. The origins,evolution, and spread of anesthesia monitoring stan dards: From Boston to across the world [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2021, 132(3): 890-898.
[44] WINTERS B D, CVACH M M, BONAFIDE C P, et
al. Technological distractions (part 2): A summary of approaches to manage clinical alarms with intent to reduce alarm fatigue [J]. Critical Care Medicine, 2018,46(1): 130-137.
[45] FERNANDES C, MILES S, LUCENA C J P. Detect ing false alarms by analyzing alarm-context informa tion: Algorithm development and validation [J]. JMIR Medical Informatics, 2020, 8(5): e15407.
[46] IMHOFF M, KUHLS S, GATHER U, et al. Smart
alarms from medical devices in the OR and ICU [J].
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology,
2009, 23(1): 39-50.
[47] GOHIL B, GHOLAMHHOSSEINI H, HARRISON M J, et al. Intelligent monitoring of critical pathologi cal events during anesthesia [C]//2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Lyon, France: IEEE,2007: 4343-4346.
[48] MIRZA M, GHOLAMHOSSEINI H, HARRISON M J. A fuzzy logic-based system for anaesthesia monitor ing [C]//2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Buenos Aires, Argentina: IEEE, 2010: 3974-3977.
[49] EAPEN Z J, PETERSON E D. Can mobile health
applications facilitate meaningful behavior change?:Time for answers [J]. JAMA, 2015, 314(12): 1236-1237.
[50] MICHARD F, BARRACHINA B, SCHOETTKER P.
Is your smartphone the future of physiologic monitor ing? [J]. Intensive Care Medicine, 2019, 45(6): 869-871.
[51] WHITE S M. Automated electronic anaesthesia
records [J]. Anaesthesia, 2016, 71(7): 850-851.
[52] NAIR B G, NEWMAN S F, PETERSON G N, et al.
Automated electronic reminders to improve redosing of antibiotics during surgical cases: Comparison of two approaches [J]. Surgical Infections, 2011, 12(1): 57-63.
[53] YEOH C, MASCARENHAS J, TAN K S, et
al. Automated notifications improve time to anes thesia induction: Integrating health information technology systems to enhance perioperative ef ficiency [J]. Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15761/jaa.1000116.
[54] MARSH-FEILEY G, EADIE L, WILSON P.
Telesonography in emergency medicine: A systematic review [J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(5): e0194840.
[55] KAMATA K, HAYASHI M, NAGATA O, et al. Initial experience with the use of remote control monitoring and general anesthesia during radiosurgery for pedi atric patients [J]. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2011, 47(2):
158-166.
[56] GOODRIDGE D, MARCINIUK D. Rural and re mote care: Overcoming the challenges of distance [J].Chronic Respiratory Disease, 2016, 13(2): 192-203.
[57] CONE S W, GEHR L, HUMMEL R, et al. Remote
anesthetic monitoring using satellite telecommunica tions and the Internet [J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia,2006, 102(5): 1463-1467.
[58] MACAIRE P, NADHARI M, GREISS H, et al. Inter net remote control of pump settings for postoperative continuous peripheral nerve blocks: A feasibility study in 59 patients [J]. Annales Fran?caises d’Anesth′esie et De R′eanimation, 2014, 33(1): e1-e7.
[59] RAHMAN Q A, JANMOHAMED T, PIRBAGLOU
M, et al. Patterns of user engagement with the mobile app, manage my pain: Results of a data mining inves tigation [J]. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 2017, 5(7):e96.
[60] HEMMERLING T M. Robots will perform anesthesia in the near future [J]. Anesthesiology, 2020, 132(2):219-220.
[61] LOEB R G, CANNESSON M. Closed-loop anesthesia:Ready for prime time? [J]. Anesthesia & Analgesia,2017, 124(2): 381-382.
[62] RUSKIN K J, RUSKIN A C, O’CONNOR M. Automa tion failures and patient safety [J]. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 2020, 33(6): 788-792.
