Multifunctional MOF@COF Nanoparticles Mediated Perovskite Films Management Toward Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells

doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01390-9

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Abstract

Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high π-conjugation have recently exhibited great prospects in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their further application in PSCs is still hindered by face-to-face stacking and aggregation issues. Herein, metal-organic framework (MOF-808) is selected as an ideal platform for the in situ homogeneous growth of a COF to construct a core-shell MOF@COF nanoparticle, which could effectively inhibit COF stacking and aggregation. The synergistic intrinsic mechanisms induced by the MOF@COF nanoparticles for reinforcing intrinsic stability and mitigating lead leakage in PSCs have been explored. The complementary utilization of π-conjugated skeletons and nanopores could optimize the crystallization of large-grained perovskite films and eliminate defects. The resulting PSCs achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 23.61% with superior open circuit voltage (1.20 V) and maintained approximately 90% of the original power conversion efficiency after 2000 h (30-50% RH and 25-30 °C). Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the in situ chemical fixation and adsorption abilities of the MOF@COF nanoparticles, the amount of lead leakage from unpackaged PSCs soaked in water (< 5 ppm) satisfies the laboratory assessment required for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Regulation.

Key words： Perovskite solar cells Covalent organic frameworks Metal-organic frameworks Lead leakage Stability

Received: 26 December 2023 Published: 11 April 2024

Corresponding Authors: Jian Zhang, Yulin Yang

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	Yayu Dong
	Jian Zhang
	Hongyu Zhang
	Wei Wang
	Boyuan Hu
	Debin Xia
	Kaifeng Lin
	Lin Geng
	Yulin Yang

Cite this article:

Yayu Dong,Jian Zhang,Hongyu Zhang, et al. Multifunctional MOF@COF Nanoparticles Mediated Perovskite Films Management Toward Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16(1): 171-.

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https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/10.1007/s40820-024-01390-9 OR https://www.qk.sjtu.edu.cn/nml/EN/Y2024/V16/I1/171

Fig. 1 a Preparation process of the MOF@COF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of b MOF@COF. c Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and d high-resolution (HR)-TEM images of MOF@COF. e XRD patterns

Fig. 2 a Schematic diagram of MOF@COF-functionalized perovskite films. SEM and KPFM images for b, d control and c, e MOF@COF-functionalized perovskite films. In situ TG-FTIR spectra of perovskite precursor solution f as a control and g with the MOF@COF. In situ XRD measurement of h control and i MOF@COF-functionalized perovskite films

Fig. 3 a Selected fragment and ESP in the MOF@COF. b Theoretical models of perovskite with the MOF@COF. c DFT charge difference calculations. DOS d before and e after the introduction of MOF@COF-passivated perovskite. 2D pseudocolor images and TAS spectra for f, h control and g, i MOF@COF

Fig. 4 KPFM images of the MOF@COF a without irradiation and b with irradiation for 10 min. c Relevant potential distribution. d Mott-Schottky curves. e J-V curves of different PSCs with different scan directions. f Statistical PCEs of 40 PSCs. g Stabilized power output at maximum power tracking. h Long-term stability

Fig. 5 Structure models for O (a side view and b bird view) and N atoms (c side view and d bird view) adsorbing leaking Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. e Pb concentration changes with contact time (Inset: pseudo-second-order model). TOF-SIMS depth profiles for f aged control and g MOF@COF-functionalized PSCs. Pb concentration in the polluted water was detected by h Pb<sup>2+</sup> testing paper and i ICP-OES

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