With the large-scale integration of renewable generation and energy storage systems interfaced by power electronic converters, modern power systems are facing dual challenges: significantly reduced inertia and declining operational stability. Grid-forming converters (GFM), owing to their ability to autonomously establish voltage sources, provide virtual inertia, support frequency, and regulate voltage, have emerged as a core technology to enable high penetration of renewable energy and ensure secure and stable system operation. While existing review papers have extensively summarized GFM control strategies and grid-connection characteristics, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on their application in large-scale renewable energy bases. This paper reviews typical GFM control strategies suitable for large renewable bases and compares the advantages and applicable scenarios of different implementations. It further summarizes the application pathways and stability enhancement mechanisms of GFM in key equipment such as photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and reactive power compensation. Moreover, the key scientific issues and technical bottlenecks of grid operation, fault ride-through, and multi-converter coordination in systems with high GFM penetration are discussed. On this basis, the paper proposes development trends and research directions of grid-forming converters in multi-energy system coupling, large-scale renewable base operation, and adaptation to future electricity market mechanisms.