Aiming to study the environmental effect of steel casing vibratory driving construction adjacent to metro tunnels, a 3D discrete-continuum multiscale coupled numerical model was established and validated against field test results. Analyses were conducted on the response of the surrounding soil and the shield tunnel. Furthermore, factors influencing the deformation of metro tunnels during the vibratory driving process were analyzed. The results show that vibratory driving induces asymmetric responses in soil displacement and pore water pressure between the tunnel side and non-tunnel side. Within the tunnel burial depth range, lateral displacement of soil on the tunnel side is significantly constrained, while excess pore water pressure markedly increases. The horizontal and vertical convergence deformation of the tunnel reach their maximum when the driving depth approaches the tunnel bottom burial depth; The horizontal and vertical maximum convergent deformation of the tunnel decrease rapidly as the distance to the pile increases. Concurrently, tunnel convergence deformation increases with greater metro tunnel burial depth.