To meet the underwater positioning requirements of detection modules in deep-sea neutrino telescope, a multi-target underwater positioning strategy is proposed, that is, the positioning module of neutrino telescope string array is grouped, and the two groups of strings are positioned each other based on the five-station positioning system. In addition, based on the experimental data, the underwater acoustic positioning simulation method of the neutrino telescope detection module is established, and the accuracy of the underwater positioning strategy is analyzed. The simulation results show that the error of space coordinates of the neutrino telescope detection module increases with the increase of positioning distance. Compared with the three-station positioning strategy, the average error of the five-station positioning results is reduced by 80.15%, and the five-station positioning strategy is helpful to improve the positioning accuracy. The research results can provide theoretical support and new solutions for the underwater positioning system of the deep-sea neutrino telescope.