In order to realize the use of photovoltaic panel operation data to identify the important parameters of PV cells and diagnose their operation status through these parameters, it is proposed to combine the second-order Bézier function with the Adaptive War Strategy Optimization (AWSO) algorithm to obtain the optimal solutions for the five unknown parameters, namely, photogenerated current, diode reverse saturation current, diode ideal factor, series resistance and parallel resistance of the five unknown parameters of the method, the theoretical and simulation analysis of the four common faults, namely, shadowing, aging, short-circuit and open-circuit, and through experimental validation, for the change of the parameters in the identification results of the comparison with the type of faults, it is concluded that the five parameters of the photovoltaic single diode model and the four typical types of faults have a certain corresponding relationship, and obtained It is concluded that there is a certain correspondence between the five parameters of the PV single diode model and the four typical fault types, and the change rule of the output of PV modules under different fault types is obtained, which provides a reference for the identification of PV cell faults and the judgment of battery performance.